查询词典 surface

After analyzing the curvature of the forming surface and the relativ emotion between the forming surface and the curved tooth surface during envelope tooth cutting,the authors work out the equations for calculating the induced normal curvature and geodesic deflection,the principal curvature and direction of the tooth surface of this kind of circular-arc gear .

通过对产形面曲率和包络切齿时产形面与齿曲面相对运动关系的分析，推导出双向圆弧齿轮齿面的诱导法曲率、诱导短程挠率和齿面的主曲率、主方向等计算公式。

The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

In this paper the key points discussed were that, under the condition of a sharp hypsography of desert areas of Ordos basin, we used some new geophysical methods in the investigation of surface structure to obtain high accurate surface structure data and provide reliable scientific foundation for data acquisition and process; we dealt with the optimum coupling of surface geophones and the digital realization technique in desert areas, dug into a method of high frequency compensation according to attenuations by absorption near surface, adopted data processing and correction technique, solved high frequency attenuation and geophone coupling, eliminated the influences of sharply transverse fluctuation of hypsography in desert area on the seismic data, enhanced the fidelity and SNR of seismic section, and finally picked up more geologic information on the seismic profile and improved the precision of the lateral prediction for the reservoir beds.

本文旨在研究鄂尔多斯盆地沙漠区地表变化比较大的情况下，在表层结构调查中通过应用一些地球物理新方法，以获取高精度的表层结构数据，为资料采集和数据处理提供更科学的依据；研究在沙漠区地表检波器最佳耦合的方式与数字实现技术，研究通过近地表的吸收衰减规律进行高频补偿的方法，采用数据处理校正技术，解决高频吸收及检波器耦合，消除沙漠区表层横向剧烈变化对地震资料的影响，提高地震剖面的保真度和信噪比，从而使更多的地质信息能够从地震剖面中反映出来，提高储层横向预测的精度。

By anchoring an imaginary spring between each data point and deformable curve or surface, the fairing model is established. Then FEM is used to solve the deformation problem of the model caused by imaginary springs and a bicubic B-spline surface patch is taken as one element. Lastly the B-spline active surface model is applied to surface reconstruction from layer data and the problem resulted from fitting for uneven cross-sectional curves can be solved.

通过在数据点与模型之间连接虚拟弹簧，建立光顺模型，并以双三次B样条曲面片作为单元，运用有限元法对模型在虚拟弹簧作用下的变形问题进行求解，得到光顺后的B样条曲面；并在此基础上，提出了一种新的基于断层数据的表面重建方法，可很好地解决不均匀截面族的曲面生成问题。

Considering the difference of runoff characteristics on different underlying surface in the area of plain tidal river network, four kinds of surface is divided,namely, waters paddy field-, dry land and central urbanized area,and suitable method is adopted separately in each surface to simulate runoff process. Xinanjiang Model usually applicable for mountain areas is introduced to river network area, furthermore, the paper researches runoff calculation of central urbanized area, the underlying surface is divided into pervious and imperviousness areas.In perviousness areas, Hoton Infiltration formula and corresponding spatial infiltration rate curve are used to establish the relationship between infiltration rate and soil moisture in order to decide the infiltration. According to practical situation.

根据平原河网区城市下垫面产汇流方式的不同，分成水面、水田、旱地、城镇四类，分别采用相对应的产流汇流计算方法，将适用于山丘区的新安江模型引入到平原河网区城市，同时对于城镇这类下垫面，从下渗角度考虑，划分成透水和不透水两种类型，根据霍顿下渗公式和下渗率空间分布曲线，建立下渗率和土壤含水量的关系，进而研制出城镇透水面的产流计算方法，城镇汇流根据实际情况可结合城市管道排水计算。

Freezing soil is a natural phenomina in cold and mountain areas, which has great impact on the regional climate, water cycle, and water balance. The land surface process in the condition of soil freezing and thawing is one of the most important process in the area. This paper firstly reviews the present study on land surface process in the condition of soil freezing and thawing, especially the development after the the hydrological land surface model introduced into the study of General Circulation Model, then introduces the undergoing international research project, such as Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes and Cold Land Process Field Experiment by NASA, and finally analyses and puts forward the future research field and topics.

冻土是全球中高纬地区和高山地带普遍存在的自然现象，它对全球以及区域性气候、水循环、水平衡等都有着巨大的影响，土壤冻融条件下的陆面过程正是这种影响的重要环节，介绍了土壤冻融条件下陆面过程的研究现状，特别是在大气环流模型中引入水文陆面模型以来陆面过程研究的迅猛发展，对现在国际上正在进行的考虑冻土的陆面过程研究项目，如陆面过程参数化比较计划的第二阶段第五期PILPS (2E)以及美国NASA的寒区陆面过程实地试验计划也进行了介绍，并在此基础上对土壤冻融条件下陆面过程的发展趋势进行了分析。

Proposed a representation scheme for 3D face -- Surface UnfoldingFor its irregular sampling in 3D space, 3D face surface cannot be processed by many orthogonal and subspace analysis toolkits directly, i.e. DFT, DCT, PCA, LCA. Surface Unfolding projects the 3D face to a 2D plane while retaining its intrinsic geometry properties of angle and area which issues a surface representation — Unfolded Image.

提出了一个三维人脸的平面表征方法——曲面开折模型不同于传统的数字生物特征，3D人脸数据是非规则采样的，传统的信号处理工具难以对3D数据进行直接处理。

The existence of surface electronic states is an intrinsic property of the surface and many properties and processes happening on the surface of the materials are closely related to the surface states and their energy distribution and space distribution.

表面电子态的存在是表面固有的性质，材料的许多性质和发生在表面的过程都与表面态及其能量分布，空间分布有关。

Passing analysing The link of the three-arc-sect isometric type surface, built the three-arc-sect isometric type surface equation, found the location of isometric type surface with the finite element analysis method and calculated the link intensity of the three-arc-sect isometric type surface.

文中对型面联接中的三弧段等距型面联接进行力学分析，首先建立三弧段等距型面方程，应用有限元法确定等距型面接触点的位置，对三弧段等距型面联接中的应力分布及大小进行分析计算。

The differential exhumation caused by the NNE-trending faults probably continued all the way from the 180℃isothermal surface, through 110℃isothermal surface to the 70℃isothermal surface. At 90Ma, Dabie orogen"s average height of topography, compared with the current sea level, reached 1.45 km (when geothermal gradient is chosen as 25℃/km) or 1.75 km (when geothermal gradient is chosen as 20℃/km), which is 4(when geothermal gradient is chosen as 25℃/km) or 5(when geothermal gradient is chosen as 20℃/km) times of the height of today"s surface topography in simulated region.

这种由于NNE向断裂系引发的差异推隆剥露，可能从等温面180℃锆石(U-Th／He的封闭温度、经过110℃(磷灰石裂变径迹的退火温度)一直延续到70℃等温面磷灰石(U-Th／He的封闭温度大别造山带90Ma时与现今海平面相比地形平均高度可达1.45km(地温梯度取25℃／km时)或1.75km(地温梯度取20℃／km时)，是现今模拟区域地形平均高度的4倍(地温梯度取25℃／km时)或5倍(地温梯度取20℃／km时)。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。