查询词典 secondary cell

The ultrastructural changes during the development of sieve element companion cell complex (SE/CC complex) in Populus deltoides were investigated using electronic microscopy. The result showed that SE and CC tome from the same secondary phloem mother cell. The development of sieve element went through three stages, i. e. immature, mature, and degenerate stage. In immature stages the sieve element presented radial expansion, cell wall thickening, and production of sieve plastid and P-protein. The cytoplasma selectivly autolysed in mature stage. At the same time, karyoplasm was dispersed, and nuclear envelope was not clear, or karyoplasm was disorgnized, and nuclear envelope was clear. The karyopalsm finally turned into P-protein. In degenerate stage, the cytoplasm completely disappeared, and the function was lost.

利用电镜技术研究美洲黑杨次生韧皮部筛管和伴胞发育过程中细胞超微结构的动态变化，观察到筛管和伴胞由同一个次生韧皮部衍生细胞分裂分化形成筛管约发育历经未成熟期、成熟期和衰退期的变化未成熟期筛管分子表现为细胞的径向扩展、壁的增厚、筛管质体和P-蛋白质的产生；成熟期筛管分子细胞组分发生选择性自溶，细胞核核质弥散状，核膜不清晰，或核膜清晰而核物质降解，最后细胞核完全解体转化为P-蛋白质类的物质；衰退期筛管分子细胞质完全解体消失，失去功能。

The Cork was consisted of five or six layer long cells. The secondary phloem occupied 46% of the diameter of root, and the parenchymas cell was abundant of the inclusions. The secondary xylem consisted of vessel, xylary radial ,and a little of xylary parenchyma cells. Some segment of hypha, swelled hypha, pelotons and conidiophore were colonied in cork and secondary phloem.

周皮由木栓层，木栓形成层和栓内层组成，其中木栓层由5～6 列长形细胞组成；维管组织中次生韧皮部所占根径的比例达46%，其薄壁细胞中内含物较丰富，次生木质部中分布有导管和木射线及少量木薄壁组织；在格木木栓层和次生韧皮部中分布有菌丝片段、膨大的菌丝和菌丝团及分生孢子。

The results show that the normal process begins with archesporial cell and undergoes stages of primary and secondary sporogenous cell,microspore mother cell,dyad,tetrad,central nucleus microspore,vacuolated microspore,mature microspore,twocell pollen and threecell mature pollen.

对平流层辐射处理SP3谷子和对照CK3谷子雄性细胞发育的研究表明，雄性细胞正常发育过程从孢原细胞开始，经初生造孢细胞、次生造孢细胞、小孢子母细胞、二分体、四分体和单核小孢子中央期、单核小孢子液泡期、单核小孢子成熟期直到二细胞花粉、三细胞成熟花粉结束。

Our research work is currently focused on the molecular mechanisms of vascular cambium periodicity regulation and secondary xylem development, including cambial cell differentiation, secondary wall formation and programmed cell death.

本实验室以杨树、杜仲等树木作为实验材料，采用剥皮再生创伤系统和整体系统，研究维管形成层活动周期调控及形成层发生、次生木质部细胞分化、次生壁形成和细胞程序死亡的分子机理，为定向改良木材材质提供理论指导。

Using electronic microscopy and cytochemical methods, we studied the distribution changes of the cell ergastic substance and development of secondary vascular tissues. Development of secondary vascular tissue took on an inherent rhythm, showing alternation of dormant and differentiated stages in periodicity of one year, and the formation of secondary phloem and xylem was alternate.

利用电镜技术及细胞化学方法，研究了美洲黑杨次生维管组织的发育以及细胞内含物分布的变化，发现次生维管组织的发育具有内在节律性，在年周期中表现为分化期和休眠期交替出现；次生韧皮部与次生木质部交替分化形成。

Multiple factors participated in the process of secondary brain edema and nerve injuries,such as the hydrostatic pressure during formation of the hematoma and clot retraction, activation of blood coagulation cascade, generation of thrombin,erythrocytolysis and the toxicity of hemoglobin, the activation of the complement system, space-occupying effects, rupture of the blood-brain barrier,secondary ischemia around the hematoma, inflammatory reaction of the neurons around hematoma and cell apoptosis.

脑出血后继发水肿及神经损害有多种因素参与，血肿形成过程中的流体静力压和血凝块的回缩、凝血瀑布的激活、凝血酶的产生、红细胞溶解和血红蛋白的毒性、补体的激活、占位效应、血脑屏障的破坏、血肿周围继发缺血、血肿周围组织神经细胞炎症反应及细胞凋亡等。

The effects of several components in the culture medium on Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell growth and secondary metabolite synthesis were studied, as well as structural dynamic model. The two-liquid-phase culture of Lithospermum erythrorhizon was carried out by choosing the proper organic solvent as the second phase. The bioactive carrier for adsorption was prepared and the condition of cell immobilization was determined. We combined the technique of two-liquid-phase culture and immobilization to carry out the culture. We chose the suitable type of reactor, studied its characteristics and results of cell culture using this reactor. The fed-batch operation was also studied on the basis of twoliquid-phase culture and immobilization used in culture in the reactor.

本文研究了紫草细胞悬浮培养中培养基中多种成分对细胞生长与次生代谢产物合成的影响，进行了结构化的动力学模型研究；通过选择合适的有机溶剂对紫草细胞进行了双液相培养研究；通过确定以吸附为细胞的固定化方法，进行了生物活性吸附载体的制备与固定化细胞的制备研究；并结合双液相培养技术，对紫草细胞进行了固定化培养及其动力学模型的研究；对反应器进行选型，并进行冷模与热模研究；在反应器中进行了固定化紫草细胞的双液相培养条件下的流加操作研究。

Majority of acute leukemias in infant, either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloblastic leukemia, posses a chromosomal translocation affecting the 11q23 chromosome region which specifically inoles the mixed-lineage leukemia gene.1-3 Most pediatric leukemias with MLL rearrangement clearly hae a remarkably short latency.1,4 MLL gene rearrangement is also associated with secondary leukemias of patients preiously treated with the topoisomerase II inhibitors.4 The latency of these secondary leukemias is similarly ery short.4 Of note, the concordance rate of leukemia with MLL rearrangement in infant monozygotic twins approximates to 100%,1,4 and identical breakpoint in the MLL gene was shared in these pairs of identical twin infants with concordant ALL.1,4 Moreoer, the unique and clonotypic MLL fusion gene was detectable in neonatal blood spots for Guthrie cards from non-twined indiiduals who subsequently deeloped ALL.1,4 These obserations indicate not only that MLL fusion is generated in utero but also that MLL fusion proteins could be capable of inducing leukemic transformation with few, if any, secondary mutations.2,3,4 Greaes et al speculate that an MLL fusion protein somehow promotes rapid transition to full-blown disease in patients ia ery rapid clonal expansion, genetic instability, or inhibition of DNA damage repair.4 In general, for clonal expansion of malignancies, tumor cells often hae acquired strategies that escape immune sureillance of the hosts.5,6 Immune escape mechanisms also contribute to the failure of graft-ersus-leukemia effect after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.7 Therefore, leukemia cells could acquire some immune escape mechanisms during leukemogenesis.

绪论 绝大多数的婴儿白血病，不管是急性淋巴性白血病或是急性骨髓性白血病，在染色体11q23部位有染色体易位的情况；这个部位的染色体易位牵连了混合谱系白血病基因。大多数具有MLL基因重排的儿童白血病潜伏期明显短很多。MLL基因重排也和经拓扑异构酶II抑制剂治疗后的继发性白血病有关。这些继发性白血病的潜伏期类似地都非常的短。很重要的是，单卵双胞胎婴儿同时患有或同时免于MLL基因重排阳性的白血病的一致性接近100%；并且同样患有ALL的同卵双胞胎的MLL基因的断裂点是一致的。而且，这种独特的克隆特异性的MLL融合基因能够从那些得ALL的非双生个体出生时的血斑标本中检测到。这些发现表明MLL融合基因产生在胎儿还在子宫的是后，而且MLL融合蛋白能过和其他的基因突变一起诱导白血病的产生。Greaes 等推测MLL融合蛋白在某种情况下同过快速克隆增殖，遗传的不稳定性或是DNA损伤修复的抑制促使疾病迅速地全面爆发。恶性肿瘤细胞的克隆增殖通常已经获得了逃避机体免疫监视的能力。免疫逃避机制也归因于异体外周血干细胞移植后移植物抗白血病作用的失效。所以，白血病细胞在白血病的产生过程中可能获得了某些免疫逃脱机制。

Now, I mainly engaged in myxobacterial genomic and bioinformatics analysis work. Myxobacteria is a single-cell microorganisms, but they act as multi-cell behavior (such as feeding, social movement, cells congregating and fruiting body formation, and so on) and own a wealth of secondary metabolites Product, those remarkable characteristics make myxobacteria important in the research fields of prokaryotes cell differentiation and development, biological evolution, as well as the drug development and research.

现主要从事粘球菌基因组与生物信息学分析方面的研究工作：粘细菌是单细胞微生物，然而却具有多细胞行为（如摄食、社会性运动、细胞聚集和子实体形成等）和丰富的次级代谢产物，这些行为特征使粘细菌在原核生物的细胞分化发育、生物进化以及药物开发研究中占有重要地位。

He terminal cell apoptosis depended on the time of complete degradation of protoplast in cell.During PCD process,all kinds of cell organelles in protoplast promoted secondary wall deposition at different degree.

EM观察结果表明纤维、基本薄壁组织细胞、导管分子的分化过程均是典型的衰退过程，它是由次生壁的沉积和原生质体的衰退这两个密切相关的过程组成。

He and Nina moved to California and lived at 2005 Ivar Street, Apt.

他和Nina搬到加州，并在2005年伊瓦尔街，公寓生活。

Droperidol （ potently inhibits transfected HERGchannels and this is the probable mechanism for QT prolongation.

氟哌利多有效地抑制了转染的 HERG 钾通道，可能是 QT 间期延长的机制。