查询词典 potential gradient

Valinomycin, a photophosphorylation uncoupler, decreased significantly the fast phase (related mainly to the membrane electric potential) millisecond delayed light emission of C. reinhardtii. Nigericin, another photophosphorylation uncoupler, decreased the slow phase (related mainly to the proton gradient) and partly also the fast phase of ms-DLE. Both valinomycin and nigericin can decrease the net ATP content under light and photosynthetic rate of C. reinhardtii, but the degree of inhibition of net ATP content and photosynthesis by nigericin was higher than that by valinomycin.

光合磷酸化解联剂缬氨霉素显著降低衣藻毫秒延迟发光的快相，对慢相影响不大；另一个光合磷酸化解联剂尼日利亚菌素则显著降低衣藻毫秒延迟发光慢相（主要与跨膜质子梯度有关），同时也降低部分快相。valinomycin和nigericin均可降低光下藻细胞中的ATP净含量和光合作用速率，但是nigericin对ATP含量和光合作用速率的抑制程度比valinomycin强。

During the course of the upstroke, the membrane potential attains zero, and an electrical gradient no longer exists

在升支发展过程中，膜电位一达到零，电位梯度即不再存在。这说明水动力条件具有很明显的位能梯度。

After measurement and analysis of the interfering voltage, potential gradient, the point current density, the weight-loss increases with average current density, and the depth of penetration increases with the interfering voltage.

测量和分析了干扰电压、电位梯度、点电流密度、失重量及腐蚀坑深后，可以看出失重量随平均电流密度而增加，腐蚀坑深随干扰电压而加剧。

The result showed that the strong storm followed by mesoscale squall line was primary cause of strong sandstorm producing, steps and ladders short wave trough of 500 hPa was great criterion triggering system for the mesoscale squall line producing, the essential dynamic condition was provided by distortion field and the mesoscale low pressure of 700 hPa for the strong sandstorm forming and maintaining in mid-west of Hexi Corridor, the deep vertical circulation development condition was basic power that urged squall line to occur and sand dust to curl up, which was provided for the deep convection development by superimposition of lifting movement before ground cold front and ascendant current of secondary circulation in upper air jet entrance region, temperature and the barometric gradient around the cold front was enlarged by enhancement of ground thermal low and temperature diurnalvariation of afternoon, by which essential thermal energy unstable condition was provided for the gale and strong sandstorm eruption, the strong sandstorm appeared in downstream of -200 m^2s^(-2) center of vertical helicity, the vertical helicity had good instruction significance for development of squall line and landing region of sandstorm, the mesoscale squall line occurred in unstable stratification, basic condition of potential energy transforming as kinetic energy was provided by strong unstable stratification for the strong sandstorm forming and developing.

结果表明：中尺度飑线所伴随的强风暴是产生强沙尘暴的主要原因；500 hPa阶梯短波槽是中尺度飑线产生的大尺度触发系统，河西走廊中西部700 hp变形场、中尺度低压为强沙尘暴形成和维持提供了必要的动力条件；地面冷锋前上升运动与高空急流入口区次级环流的上升气流的叠加，为深对流发展提供了深厚的垂直环流发展条件，是促使飑线发生和沙尘卷起的基本动力；地面热低压的加强和午后气温的日变化加大了冷锋前后的温度和气压梯度，为大风、强沙尘暴爆发提供了必要的热力不稳定条件；强沙尘暴出现在垂直螺旋度为－200平方公尺/s^2中心的下游，垂直螺旋度对飑线的发展和沙尘暴的落区具有较好的指示意义；中尺度飑线发生在不稳定层结内，较强的不稳定层结为强沙尘暴形成、发展提供了位能转化为动能的基本条件。

In order to bring about the spatial depth resolution of the image data obtained, the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: an electromagnetic wave is beamed onto the surface of a photonic mixed element comprising at least one pixel, the pixel having at least two light-sensitive modulation light gates Gam and Gbm and associated accumulation gates Ga and Gb; modulation light gate voltages Uam and Ubm, which are configured as Uam=Uo Um and Ubm=Uo-Um, are applied to the modulation light gates Gam and Gbm; a direct voltage, whose magnitude is at least the same as that of the total of Uo and the amplitude of the modulation voltage Um, is applied to the accumulation gates Ga and Gb; the charge carriers produced in the space charge region of the modulation light gates Gam and Gbm by the incident electromagnetic wave are subjected, as a function of the polarity of the modulation light gate voltages Uam and Ubm, to the potential gradient of a drift field and drift to the corresponding accumulation gate Ga or Gb; and the charges qa and qb which have drifted to the accumulation gates Ga and Gb, respectively, are diverted.

为了使得采用这样一种方法获得的图象数据具有空间深度分辨率，按照本发明的方法包含下述步骤：使电磁波成束在至少包含一个象素的光混合元件的表面上，该象素至少具有两个光敏调制光门G am 和G bm 以及相关的累积门G a 和G b ；将调制光门电压U am 和U bm 施加到调制光门G a 和G b 上，而调制光门电压的构成是U am=U o U m，U bm=U o -U m；将直流电压施加到累积门G a 和G b 上，而直流电压的幅度至少与U o 和调制电压U am的幅度的总和相同；使由入射电磁波在调制光门G am 和G bm 的空间电荷区中产生的载流子经受漂移场的电位梯度，并漂移到相应的累积门G a 或G b ，而电磁波是调制光门电压U am和U bm的极性的函数；已经分别漂移到累积门G a 和G b 的电荷的方向反向。

A generalized mathematical model was developed to describe the distribution of over-potential.Dimensionless variables μ and ω that characterize the polarization and influence of side electrode reaction in the system,were derived from modeling.Adomian's decomposition methodADM）was used to solve the nonlinear differential equation of the model to obtain an approximate analytical solution,which was in the form of algebraic expressions of infinite power series.By the solution,the relationship between over-potential distribution and average selectivity could be easily calculated without solving the nonlinear model time and again.

建立了描述超电势分布的普遍化数学模型，归纳出表征电极极化和副反应影响的量纲1数μ和ω，并用ADM（Adomian's decomposition method）对该非线性微分方程模型求解；所获得的逼近解代数表达式，可方便地计算不同参数下超电势分布对平均选择性的影响，而毋需反复求解模型微分方程。

The transfer behavior of pyrazolone derivatives, such as antipyrine, aminopyrine, 4-aminoantipyrine and analgin, across the W/NB interface was investigated. The three medicines studied can form complex with a proton and the complex formed can transfer reversely across the W/NB interface and the transfer process was controlled by diffusion. The transfer of protonated analgin was not observed within potential window because of its high transfer potential.

研究了吡唑啉酮类的安替比林、氨基比林、4-氨基安替比林和安乃近四种药物在W/NB界面的转移行为，前三种药物在一定pH值的水溶液中结合一个质子形成1∶1质子配合物，并能在W/NB界面发生可逆转移，其转移过程受扩散控制，安乃近的质子化物由于有较高的转移电位而未在电位窗内观察到其转移峰。

Additional features include power on reset, overtemperature protection, a charge pump, highCside safing sensor closure detection, an analog multiplexer, a monitor to ensure battery potential, and a programmable monitor to ensure firing potential.

其他功能还包括上电复位，过热保护，安全处理highCside封闭检测传感器，模拟多路复用器，监视器，以确保电池的潜力，一个可编程的监测，以确保发射潜力的电荷泵。

Cased hole formation resistivity logging calculates apparent formation resistivity by measuring slight potential difference on metal casing,its measurement error of the apparent formation resistivity is decided by the measurement error of the potential difference on the casing.

过套管电阻率测井通过测量金属套管上的微小电位差来计算地层视电阻率，套管上电位差的测量误差决定了地层视电阻率的测量误差。

Comparing it with the standard electrode potential of nitric acid,the reason of dissolution of HgS in aqua regia was quantitatively revealed,and this is that the high concentration of chloride ions reduces the reduction potential of sulfur in HgS,thus raising the reducing power of HgS rather than that the oxidizing power.

根据热力学平衡原理和设计的可逆电池反应，由 E~0Hg~(2++S/HgS数据，计算了 E~0HgCl_4~(2++S/HgS+4Cl~-数值，将其与 HNO_3的标准电极电位比较，定量地揭示了 HgS 溶于王水的原因在于该溶液中高浓度 Cl~-离子降低了 HgS 中硫的还原电位，从而提高了 HgS 的还原性所致，并非王水的氧化性比 HNO_3的更强。

What was it that made you want to change sider ?

是什么使你临阵倒戈？

I don't know what he wants, but let's play along with him.

我不知道他要干什么，可我