查询词典 phylogenetic development

Furthermore, out of 497 fAFLP markers, 80 special bands were found to be able to distinguish the four groups from each other and may be applied for germplasm characterization and molecular assistant classification of Meretrix clam.4 Molecular classification of two species of Meretrix clam based on fAFLP and ITS sequences4.1 The results of fAFLP maker analysis of S, G and W showed that each group had their own specific loci among which there were 53 special loci in W group, much more than those of S group (14) and G group (21). Among the 53 loci, nine were all dominant loci. These unique loci could be taken as molecular markers to distinguish W from other groups. The genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between S and G groups were 0.9585 and 0.0424 respectively, but the genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between W group and S or G group was 0.7939 or 0.7941, and 0.2308 or 0.2305 respectively. The results revealed that significant difference existed between W and S or G groups in molecular genetic structure. The phylogenetic trees by the methods of UPGMA and NJ also indicated that S and G populations were very closely related, while W population was a relatively independent cluster, lying beyond the species which S and G belong to.4.2 The internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA from S group, G group and W group were PCR amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the size of ITS ranged between 1266-1269bp in W group, while those in G and S groups were 1614bp and 1520bp respectively. The GC content ranged 62.32-62.62% in W group while it was 61.77% in G group. The genetic distances between three populations of W group were 0.001～0.003, but it was 0.110 or 0.147 respectively between W group and G group or S group. Phylogenetic trees by NJ method also showed that G group was very closely related to S group, while W group was a relatively independent cluster.

在457个总扩增位点中找出了53个W的特有位点，远多于S群体(14)和G(21)群体，而且在53个特有位点中有9个出现频率为100%的位点，这些位点可以作为区分其它2个群体的特征性标记；S– G群体特有的位点有112个，其中有4个位点出现频率为100%，可作为S– G群体区别于W群体的特征性标记。S群体和G群体间的遗传相似性系数为0.9585，遗传距离只有0.0424，在NJ和UPGMA法构建的亲缘关系的树状图上均首先聚在一起，说明二者的亲缘关系很近，应属于种内群体间的关系；而W与S和G的遗传相似性系数均较小(0.7939和0.7941)，相对遗传距离很大而且十分相近(0.2308和0.2305)，在亲缘关系树状图上单独分出一支，也表明W与S和G群体间的亲缘关系较远。4.2 ITS序列比较分析通过对白壳文蛤、山东文蛤和广西文蛤的ITS序列扩增电泳、PCR-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析发现，W的ITS序列长度在1266-1269 bp，而S和与G的ITS序列总长度分别为1520 bp和1614 bp；从ITS1和ITS2长度来看，W分别为739-741 bp和316-317 bp，S为895 bp和414 bp，G为987 bp和416 bp；而从ITS碱基组成来看，W的GC含量在62.32-62.62%之间，而G群体为61.77%。W的3个壳色不同群体间的遗传距离仅0.001、0.002和0.003，S与G群体间的遗传距离是0.010，说明W群体内变异很小，而S与G群体间已出现明显的遗传分化，但还均属于种内群体间的遗传变异；而W与G和S的遗传距离分别达到0.110、0.147，两个类群差异显著，已远超出种内群体间的遗传变异。

Sequence analysis showed FCproPO contained two conserved copperbinding sites, Phylogenetic analysis revealed that FCproPO and prophenoloxidase from L. vannamei, M. japonicus and P. monodon were in the same phylogenetic branches.

序列分析发现FCproPO含有两个保守的铜离子结合位点；进化分析发现FCproPO与斑节对虾、日本囊对虾、凡纳滨对虾等海水虾的酚氧化酶原亲缘关系最近。

It also contained Chlorophyll-c2 and Chlorophyll-c2 derivatives. 4. The phylogenetic analysis of MD1 18S rDNA by using NJ method indicated that MD1 belonged to the genera Nitzschia. MD1 was closest to the Peridinium foliaceum endosymbiont(Y10567) and formed one clade each other in the phylogenetic tree.

在序列的遗传距离研究中，MD1与Peridinium foliaceum endosymbiont（Y10567）的18S rRNA基因序列的相似性接近种的定义标准，且在系统发育树中聚在一起，但未得到显著的BP支持率，故不能定义为同种。

Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses of 13 mitochondrial coding genes conducted using MEGA version 3.0 showed that all the pleuronectiform species except for soleid species which had close phylogenetic relationship with perciformes and the soleid species had far evolutionary relationship with all other fish species. These new data provide a useful tool for many research areas, i. e. evolutionary study and identification of spotted halibut.

用NJ法和MP法对5个目22种鱼mtDNA的13个蛋白质编码基因的氨基酸序列进行系统分析，结果显示，圆斑星蝶与石鲽关系最近，鲽形目的鲆、鲽类与鲈形目的够科、鲷科鱼类亲缘关系较近，而同属于鲽形目的塞内加尔鳎没有和任何目聚在一起，成为一个独立的分支。

Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses of 13 mitochondrial coding genes conducted using MEGA version 3.0 showed that all the pleuronectiform species except for soleid species which had close phylogenetic relationship with perciformes and the soleid species had far evolutionary relationship with all other fish species. These new data provide a useful tool for many research areas, i. e. evolutionary study and identification of spotted halibut.

用NJ法和MP法对5个目22种鱼mtDNA的13个蛋白质编码基因的氨基酸序列进行系统分析，结果显示，圆斑星鲽与石鲽关系最近，鲽形目的鲽、鲽类与鲈形目的鲹科、鲷科鱼类亲缘关系较近，而同属于鲽形目的塞内加尔鳎没有和任何目聚在一起，成为一个独立的分支。

In this study, the ITS sequences including 5.8S gene from 34 Trametes strains were determined and used to construct a phylogenetic tree for phylogenetic analysis together with 17 reference sequences obtained from the GenBank database.

测定了34个分类单元的ITS(包括5.8SrDNA)序列，并对得到的43个分类单元的ITS序列进行系统发生分析，构建了聚类分析树状图。

A molecular phylogenetic tree was built with Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony software. Given the analysis results of the tree and the morphological characteristics of the strain, ZNLD-18 was Trametes versicolor.

利用PAUP软件构建分子系统发育树，通过对该树的分析并综合菌株的形态特征，鉴定菌株ZNLD-18为白腐菌Trametes versicolor。

The fields overlap however in the science of phylogenetic systematics – colloquially often called "cladism" or "cladistics"–, where only phylogenetic trees are used to delimit taxa, which represent groups of lineage-connected individuals.

系统发生学与分类学的交互重叠区域是系统发生分类学，常俗称为&分支学说&或&遗传分类学&；在系统发生分类学中，只用系统发生树来定分类的界限，这些分类代表血统相关个体组成的群。

Obviously, the combined dendrogram can reveal more difference among strains, and contain more phylogenetic information, so it reveal more detailed phylogenetic relationship among strains.

从综合的树状图能看出菌株间更大的差异，它所包含的系统发育信息更多，因而它所反映的系统发育关系更细致。

Based on the result of PSI-BLAST search against GenBank Database, 38 microbial rhodopsin sequences were collected from archaea, eubacteria and eucarya. Two different phylogenetic methods were used to analyze their sequence alignment based on 7 transmembrane a-helice. The result of phylogenetic analysis shows that these microbial rhodopsins were divided into three clades.

对美国基因数据库进行PSI-BLAST搜索后，筛选了38条来自古细菌、细菌和真核生物的视紫红质蛋白质序列并进行了蛋白质结构和序列比对，并对比对结果用了邻接法和贝叶斯法进行了基于7个a螺旋跨膜结构的系统发生分析。

The receding calculations and experiment analyses in this subject are built on the blood cast of pig tongue.

本研究课题的前期工作是采用猪舌血管铸型模拟人舌而进行的数值计算与实验分析。

"Each human infection constitutes an opportunity for genetic modification of the virus through reassortment, mutation, or both...."

&每一次人类的感染都暗藏着一次基因修改的机会，无论是通过病毒的整合、突变或者兼而有之。。。。&