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The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

Photographic paper texture photos would normally have been developed, the media meet the " ouality business card printing technology " available with photos as realistic as possible, and you can provide a picture size from the General to the A3 + four size, suitable for all levels of user business card printing; kaixin-stick is a unique business card printing medium, the user you can use a business card printing papiermaschinen software provides more than 300 species of colourful background image box and photo overlappedness, the most imaginative, made of very attractive paper kaixin-pastes; ink－jetprinting matte coated paper is a three-metre-long A2 format with oil painting business card printing effect of medium, apply to the business card printing a variety of significant photos, pictures of art and design needs; users can use the t-shirt transfer paper production has its own unique style t-shirt, the effect is quite good; ink－jetprinting transparency can provide the perfect projection effect, apply to the projection, Convention and advertising and lively, images, making 36 0dpi; banner headline in the paper available 360dpi, 720dpi or 1440dpi business card printing that is tailored to a variety of activities business card printing banner.

照片纸的质地与通常冲洗的照片一样，该介质配合"照片质量制卡技术"可获得同照片一样逼真的效果，并且可以提供从普通照片大小到A3+的四种尺寸，适合各层次用户照片制卡的需要；开心妙妙贴是一种独特的制卡介质，用户可借助制卡机配套软件提供的300余种五彩缤纷的背景图框与照片叠加，进行最富想象力的搭配，制成极富个性魅力的开心妙妙贴贴纸；喷墨布纹纸是一种A2幅面三米长具有油画制卡效果的介质，适用于制卡各种大幅照片、艺术设计图片的需求；用户可以用T恤转印纸制作具有自己独特风格的T恤衫，效果相当不错；喷墨透明胶片能提供完美的投影效果，适用于投影、会议及广告等，图象生动逼真，可制卡36 0dpi；横幅大标题纸可用360dpi、720dpi或1440dpi 制卡，适合为各种活动制卡横幅。

According to the bleaching, dyeing, detergents, paper pulp can be divided into chemical pulp and mechanical pulp, the former is manufacturing quality of the paper, such as paper, the Bible paper etc; the latter paper for manufacturing par value, such as newsprint.

依漂染洗涤方法的不同，纸浆又可分为化学纸浆及机械纸浆，前者为制造品质优良的纸张，如书纸、圣经纸等；后者为制造平价的纸张，如新闻纸。

It and the folk paper-cut is similar to paper-cut difference is mostly in the colored paper with scissors to cut paper into a variety of bird fleas with skilled, fortune and longevity Hi, characters landscape, etc. for people to buy to put up or appreciation, while the shoe-like pattern is a piece of paper with the burin Yitabaixuan variety of plants that pattern down, lace pattern, designed for families on behalf of women as a kind of embroidery.

它和民间剪纸类似，不同的是剪纸大多是用剪刀在有色纸上用巧手剪出各种花鸟鱼虫、福禄寿喜、人物风景等，供人们买去张贴或欣赏，而花样鞋样是在一沓白宣纸上用刻刀纹下来的各式各样奇花异草、花边图案，专供家庭妇女绣花的一种替样。

It and the folk paper-cut is similar to paper-cut difference ismostly in the colored paper with scissors to cut paper into avariety of bird fleas with skilled, fortune and longevity Hi,characters landscape, etc. for people to buy to put up orappreciation, while the shoe-like pattern is a piece of paper withthe burin Yitabaixuan variety of plants that pattern down, lacepattern, designed for families on behalf of women as a kind ofembroidery.

它和民间剪纸类似，不同的是剪纸大多是用剪刀在有色纸上用巧手剪出各种花鸟鱼虫、福禄寿喜、人物风景等，供人们买去张贴或欣赏，而花样鞋样是在一沓白宣纸上用刻刀纹下来的各式各样奇花异草、花边图案，专供家庭妇女绣花的一种替样。

The limited company(original smoke set paper industry in Bohai Sea) of Laiyang silver in Shandong paper industry is 1 and deckle to product with paper to produce and the large share system of the integral whole business enterprise, belong to national point special kind paper production a base, the company main product has a food packing bag, defending false bag, the upscale culture uses bag, the fruit bag ten greatest serieses such as paper and fruit bag etc.

山东莱阳银通纸业有限公司是一家及造纸与纸制品生产与一体的大型股份制企业，属国家重点特种纸生产基地，公司主要产品有食品包装袋，防伪袋，高档文化用袋，果袋纸及果袋等十大系列三十多个品种，其中生产的＂兆丰＂牌葡萄袋纸，苹果袋纸，梨袋纸，芒果袋纸，香蕉袋纸等各种不同规格的套袋纸。

Zeng Haisheng told 10-year-old mother to learn paper-cutting, and later he became the teacher of paper-cutting culture has some thinking, and thinking themselves into the traditional paper-cutting, the use of euphony, symbolic, metaphor and other means to show their the pursuit of a better life and hope, thereby increasing the aesthetic value of paper-cutting works, the beginning of the traditional paper-cutting innovation.

曾海生十来岁就跟母亲学剪纸，后来他当了老师，对剪纸有了一些文化的思考，并将自己的思考融入传统的剪纸中，用谐音、象征、隐喻等手法表现出自己对美好生活的追求与企盼，从而提高了剪纸作品的审美价值，传统剪纸开始了创新。5年前曾海生退休回到家，看到村里有不少父母外出务工的留守孩子，就把他们组织起来，把自己几十年积累的剪纸技艺和盘托出，教授弟子。

In recent 8 years, we focus on latest technology in this field, with our consistent effort, we successfully developed several types of paper bag making machinery and related equipment, like paper shopping bag machine, paper hand bag making plant, food paper bag machine, Kraft bag making machine, block bottom valve bag converting machine, multilayer bag tube making machine, bottom making machine, paper handle making machine, paper rope making machine, which could make handle bag, shopping bag, food bag, flour bag, cement bag, chemical material bag and so on.

近8年来，我们的重点是最新技术，在这一领域，随着我们不断努力，我们研制成功的几种类型的纸袋，使机械及相关器材，如纸袋机皮手袋炼钢厂，食品纸袋机，牛皮袋制作机，座底阀袋转换器多层袋，管接机，底部加工机，纸张处理的机器，造纸绳机它可以处理袋，购物袋，食品袋，面粉袋，水泥袋，化学材料袋等。

Between the substrates each other due to electrostatic adsorption of the reasons for adhesion to paper is, first of all, it is very difficult to hit Qi paper, adsorption of paper into many一沓, causing suction nozzle of paper can not afford paper, easy to cut sheets, or double-space sheet of paper into more than one phenomenon.

承印物之间也因静电原因相互吸附粘连，以纸张来说，首先是很难撞齐纸张，许多纸张吸附成一沓，致使分纸吸嘴吸不起纸张，易产生断张、空张或双张、多张进纸的现象。

It owns 33 sets of various machined paper production line, annual productivity 280,000ton. Main products include one time coated manila paper, secondary coated manila paper, ordinary white paper, grey paper, carton board, wave shaped board, compound grey board, carton board, printing paper and honeycomb board etc., total 13 series and over 100 specifications. The products were sold all over China and Hongkong and Macao areas.

职工人数4850人，其中各类工程技术人员518人，拥有各种机制纸生产线33条，年生产能力28万吨，主要产品有一次涂布白板纸、二次涂布白板纸、普通白板纸、灰板纸、高克重灰板纸、复合灰板纸、牛皮箱板纸、普通箱板纸、黄板纸、瓦楞原纸、高强瓦楞原纸、书写纸及蜂窝纸板等十三个系列一百多个品种规格，产品销全国九十多个省市地区以及港澳等地，连续五年产销率达98%以上。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。