查询词典 optimal step size

On this basis, according to historical data, apply ANN and differential simulation method to get the quantitatively correlative relations between each production and its own influence factors, and introduce the new methods of prediction for dynamic indexes with gas-field development (The combinatorial prediction method based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the method of ANN to select optimally combinatorial prediction models and the ANN prediction method based on genetic algorithm).(2) Base on mathematical programming, combine with quantitative economics and techno-economics, introduce economical indexes to establish production"s distribution optimal model, production"s constitution optimal model and measured production"s constitution optimal model, including multi-objective models and five-years models. Upon this, the optimal project for all gas field and each gas-collected factory can be got. Also, introduce the time value of capitals to improve on these models.(3) Base on the optimal solution theory and algorithm theory for the nonlinear programming problem, introduce the SUMT algorithm and genetic algorithm to study how to solve the models, and on the basis of normal genetic algorithm, make use of auto-adaptively modulating method to improve on normal genetic algorithm; Base on algorithm"s convergence theory and calculation"s complexity theory to analyze seriatim SUMT algorithm"s convergence and genetic algorithms convergence, and compare performance with each other.

在此基础上，利用神经网络方法和微分模拟方法根据历史数据得到各分项产量与其影响因素之间的定量关联关系，并引入气田开发动态指标新的预测方法(基于模糊综合评判的组合预测方法、神经网络优选组合预测模型预测方法以及基于遗传优化的神经网络预测方法)；(2)以数学规划为基础，结合数量经济学和技术经济学，引入经济指标建立产量分配优化模型、产量构成优化模型、措施产量构成优化模型、气田开发多目标规划模型以及五年规划模型，进而获得全气田及各采气厂的最优方案，并引入资金时间价值对五年规划模型进行改进；(3)以非线性规划问题的最优解及算法理论为基础，引入SUMT算法以及遗传算法对模型的求解进行研究，并在原有的遗传算法基础上，引入自适应调整方法对遗传算法进行改进；以算法的收敛性理论和计算复杂性理论为基础，逐一分析SUMT算法以及遗传算法的收敛性，并比较三种算法的优劣性。

The fluctuation of available wireless link bandwidth motivates the study of adaptive multimedia services in wireless/mobile networks This paper focusses on a bandwidth adaptation scheme, which takes the maximum revenue as the objective The optimal bandwidth adaptation algorithm which seeks to achieve maximum revenue is an NP hard problem, because it has to investigate every adaptation case A bandwidth adaptation scheme based on genetic algorithm is proposed, which achieves near optimal total revenue with much less complexity compared to an optimal bandwidth adaptation algorithm Simulation is carried out to compare the algorithm with an optimal bandwidth adaptation algorithm, the results reveal that the genetic algorithm approximates the optimal solution very well

无线链路带宽的快速波动推动了无线/移动网络中对适应的多媒体服务的研究以无线网络系统的利润最大化为目标，研究适应的多媒体应用的带宽适应方案达到利润最大化的最优带宽适应算法是一个NP hard问题提出一个基于遗传算法的带宽适应方案，在算法复杂度大大低于最优算法的同时，获得的利润值近似最优性能分析和实验结果证明了这一结论1 引言因特网和无线/移动通信技术的迅速发展，推动了两者服务的融合无线/移动环境下因特网服务的提供需要解决的一个关键问题是QoS保证提供QoS保证的一个重要技术手段是连接接纳控制 [1] CAC算法的目标是在保证切换连接请求丢弃率满足系

For the auto mentioned in the paper, we analyze and establish the dynamic equations under different power systems, respectively discuss the system efficiency of HEV under the conditions of whether the storage battery power is zero or not, utilize the SQP to compute the corresponding optimal decelerating rate and optimal storage battery power under the conditions of different speeds, different demand torsions and different storage battery SOC; then use the optimal computation results to summarize the rules of auto optimal control, provide the foundations for the optimal control rules in the future.

对于本车，分析并建立了在不同动力系统工作模式下的动力学方程；分别讨论了当蓄电池功率为零和蓄电池功率不为零两种情况下的HEV的系统效率；利用序列二次规划法来求解出在不同车速、不同汽车需求转矩和不同蓄电池SOC情况下对应的最佳减速比和最佳蓄电池功率；利用优化计算结果，初步总结了一些车辆优化控制规则，为将来更好的优化控制规则提供了依据。

This project studies the scale-dependent deformation behavior of the metal matrix composite, the void nucleation and void growth mechanisms at the micron/submicron scale. The main results are:(1) In prophase, growth and coalescence of the void embedded in the graded matrix are analyzed in detailed;(2) Based on the infinite solid model containing a micro-void, coupling effects of the void shape and the void size on the void growth are studied carefully, the results show that it seems to exist a critical equivalent void radius, which is associated with the material length. When radius of a microvoid is close to or smaller than the critical void radius, the micro-void growth rate is essentially eliminated;(3) The coupling effects of the particle shape and size on the mesoscopic stress fields within the particle and matrix are also investigated by introducing the conception of inclusion/matrix interfacial energy. The results show that the stress concentration factors within the particle and on the matrix/particle interface are also strongly size-dependent,so the void nucleation mechanism is size-dependent.(4) By employing a specific orthogonal curve coordinate frame and a 'kernel function' conception, a 'unified method'solving the spheriodal and spherical void problems is suggested; by this unified method, size-dependent plastic potentials of the porous materials containing the spheriodal or spherical voids are obtained, which extend the traditional Gurson model for the spherical void and GLD model for the spheriodal voids to the micron scale.(5) Based on the RVE model containing the spheriodal or spherical particles, the influences of the particle shape and size on the size-dependent mechanical behavior of metal matrix composite are studied.

中文摘要：本项目对金属基复合材料在微细观尺度下的尺度相关变形行为、孔洞形核及长大的机理和模型进行了研究，取得了如下主要结果：1）在前期研究中，探讨了基体的梯度分布对孔洞长大和聚合的影响；2）基于含孔洞的无限大体模型，探讨了孔洞形状和孔洞尺寸对其长大的耦合作用，结果表明：可能存在一个与材料特征长度相关的临界孔洞尺寸，当椭球孔洞的等效半径小于临界孔洞半径时，孔洞的长大受到明显抑制；3）通过引入基体/夹杂界面能的概念，分析了夹杂尺寸、夹杂形状对材料细观应力场的耦合影响，结果表明：颗粒内部和界面上的应力集中因子强烈地依赖于夹杂的尺寸和形状，因此，孔洞的形核机理是尺寸相关的；4）采用一种特殊的正交曲线坐标系和引入"核函数"的概念，"统一"地得到了含椭球和球形孔洞的材料的尺寸相关塑性势，它将传统的Gurson球形孔洞模型和GLD椭球孔洞模型推广到微尺度范围；5）基于含椭球和球形夹杂的体胞模型，初步研究了夹杂形状、夹杂尺寸对金属基复合材料尺寸相关力学行为的影响。

By use of first-order linear expansion of Taylor series, the linearization process of both nonlinear constraints and objective function of long-term optimal scheduling model are performed and an optimal scheduling model based on seccessive linear programming is built; an approach to solve Optimal scheduling of cascade hydropower station problem by seccessive linear programming is put forward, the scale-down factor of iteration step length is used to ensure that the algorithm can converge to the optimal solution of optimization problem quickly and accurately.

通过采用泰勒级数一阶描述形式，对优化调度目标函数和约束条件中的非线性约束进行线性化处理，建立了基于连续线性规划算法的优化调度数学模型，提出了用连续线性规划技术求解梯级水电站优化调度问题的算法，并采用迭代步长的动态比例缩减因子保证算法能快速准确地收敛到优化问题的最优解。

One of the methods for estimating the vanishing point from the image of the invention includes: a dividing step for dividing the image into snippets; a first detecting step for detecting a local direction of each snippet; a combining step for combining lines of directional pencil of lines according to the local direction detected in the first detecting step; and a first calculating step for calculating at least one vanishing point according to the combined lines of directional pencil of lines in the combining step.

根据本发明的用于从图像检测消失点的方法之一包括：用于将图像划分成小片的划分步骤；用于检测每片的局部方向的第一检测步骤；用于根据在第一检测步骤中检测出的局部方向组合方向线束的直线的组合步骤；和用于根据在所述组合步骤中组合的方向线束的直线计算至少一个消失点的第一计算步骤。

Through the actual design experience of Xuhui Campus general plan of Shanghai Jiaotong University, it makes the conclusion of exterior space design steps for hisoried campuses. Step 1: research the buildings in campus and analysis in grade. Step 2: make the function distribution area. Step 3: make out the buildings distribution plan. Step 4: design the campus general plot plan. Step 5: finish the exterior space plan of historied campus. Step 6: set up the evaluation standard of historied campus exterior space.

以上海交通大学徐汇校区总体规划实际项目为例，总结出老校园建筑外部空间的设计步骤——第一步：调研校园建筑并分级研究；第二步：确定校园功能分区；第三步：完成校园房产资源配置方案；第四步：完成校园总体规划方案；第五步：完成校园建筑外部空间设计；第六步：建立校园建筑外部空间评价标准。

From this viewpoint, we fulfilled to control the step-size with the curvature of integral curve. The step-size is smaller in calculating these points that the value of the curvature is bigger and the step-size is bigger in calculating these points that the value of the curvature is smaller, which is rather reasonable choice and is also a creative point in this paper.

从这个想法出发，在文中实现了以积分曲线的曲率控制步长大小的作法，在曲率大的点步长小，而在曲率小的点步长大，这是非常合理的选择，也是本文的一个创新点。

objective to evaluate efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyfor treating ureteral stones in situ,investigate the cause of higher re-treatment rate.methods total of 687 patients with ureteral stone were received eswl between january 2000 and december 2004,included 455 male(66.2%) and 232 female(33.8%) patients,6 cases have bilateral ureteral calculi,12 cases have unilateral multiple calculi.hence,together 709 ureteral calculi were treated.patients upper ureteral calculi were treated in the supine position,for lower ureteral calculi patients were turned prone.to reduce eswl-induced renal trauma and pain,using lower energy source,adjusted power setting from 9.8 to 13.2kv,limited 1500 shock wavs per one session.no auxiliary procedure were used before eswl.the stone size was measured as the surface area of stone length by stone width on x-ray film.the interval between two treatment sessions was two weeks.results of 709 ureteral calculi,the overall stone free rate was 97.3%(690 calculi),re-treatment rate was 34.1%(292 calculi).according to the performed treatment sessions,one session 467 calculi,the mean stone size 37.27mm2,stone free rate 65.4%(464 calculi).two sessions 138 calculi,the mean stone size 62.48mm2,stone free rate 18.4%(131calculi).three sessions 52 calculi,the mean stone size 79.60mm2,stone free rate 7.1%(50calculi).four sessions 19 calculi,the mean stone size 101.63mm2,stone free rate 2.4%(17calculi).fivesessions 33 calculi,the mean stone size 119.33mm2,stone free rate 3.9%(28 calculi).overall 19 cases(2.7%)turned to other treatment modalities.of 335 upper ureteral calculi,303 achieved stone free (95.8%),re-treatment rate was 38.5%(129 calculi).of 374 lower ureteral calculi,369 achieved stone free(98.7%),re-treatment rate was 30.2%(113 calculi).the re-treatment rate of upper ureteral calculi was higher than lower ureteral calculi(p＜0.05,χ2=5.40).the difference of stone-free rate between upper and lower ureteral calculi was no significant(p＞0.05,χ2=0.15).conclusion eswl should be considered first line therapy for ureteral stone still.stone burden are the main variable of higher re-treatment rate,upper ureteral stone may moving with respiring during eswl.so efficinet shock wave was decreared,re-treatment rate become higher.

目的 评估体外震波碎石治疗输尿管结石的疗效，探讨再治疗率高的原因及输尿管结石的治疗选择。方法回顾2000年1月～2004年12月间eswl治疗输尿管结石的临床资料687例，男455例（66.2%），女232例（33.8%），平均年龄46.6岁（15～83岁）。有双侧输尿管结石6例，单侧多发性输尿管结石12例（4颗1例，3颗2例，2颗9例），共计输尿管结石709颗（含透光结石13颗）。应用上海爱申公司生产的desunit6030型碎石机，c臂x线球管做结石定位。上段输尿管结石（肾盂输尿管交界处至骶髂关节上缘）取仰卧位，下段输尿管结石（骶髂关节上缘下至输尿管口）取俯卧位。为减少eswl引起的肾损伤和疼痛，应用较低的能量，震波发生器电压从9.8～13.2kv，震波频率1.5s。每次治疗设定为1500次震波。治疗后3天摄腹部平片或b超，以后每隔7日重复检查。假如结石未碎或有残留结石最长径＞3mm以上，再次eswl，两次治疗的间隔时间为两周。结石的大小用x线片上的表面积（mm2表示。结果 709颗输尿管结石总的治愈率为97.3%（690颗），再治疗率34.1%（242颗）。其中一次治疗467颗，平均结石大小37.27mm2，治愈464颗（65.4%），3颗改治疗；两次治疗138颗，平均结石大小62.48mm2，治愈131颗（18.5%），7颗改治疗；第1和第2次治疗治愈率（1个月治愈率）为83.8%。3次治疗52颗，平均结石大小79.60mm2，治愈50颗（7.1%），2颗改治疗；4次治疗19颗，平均结石大小101.63mm2，治愈17颗（2.4%），2颗改治疗；5次及5次以上治疗33颗，平均结石大小119.33mm2，治愈28颗（3.9%），5颗改治疗。总计19颗（2.7%）结石改变治疗方式。上段输尿管结石335颗，治愈321颗（95.8%），再治疗129颗（38.5%）。下段输尿管结石374颗，治愈369颗（98.7%），再治疗113颗（30.2%）。经χ2检验，上、下段输尿管结石的再治疗率差异有显著性（χ2=5.40，p＜0.05），治愈率差异无显著性（χ2=0.15，p＞0.05）。不良反应：血压升高13例（1.9%），震波区域疼痛26例（3.8%），震波进入处皮肤点状淤血33例（4.8%），肉眼血尿128例（18.6%），均于第2、3天自行消失。结论 eswl目前仍是输尿管结石的第一线治疗，结石的大小是再治疗率高的主要因素。结石的位置有影响，上段输尿管结石可随呼吸移动，有效震波次数减少，再治疗率比下段输尿管结石高。eswl前注重病例筛选可降低再治疗率。

Using developed optimal model for Ring-Pull Can size design,the optimal solution of cylindric can size design and the suboptimal solution of frustum of a cone on cylinder as well as CCB-1A can size design are botained.

建立了易拉罐尺寸设计的优化模型，得到了正圆柱形罐尺寸设计的最优解和上部为正圆台下部为正圆柱形罐以及CCB-1A型罐尺寸设计的次优解。

But GST= 0.156, Nm=1. 588. As a result, the foundation of Youyongchi Avicennia marina population was the result of the migration of hypocotyles and human factors.

这项工作可以为海岸防护林中新引进种类的判定以及为研究种群建立者效应方法的确定提供科学依据。

The two-dimensional CDRC-ADI-FDTD update equations for collision unmagnetized plasma are induced. The unconditional stability of the CDRC-ADI-FDTD formulation for collision unmagnetized plasma is obtained by the examples.

推导了碰撞非磁化等离子体中的二维CDRC-ADI-FDTD迭代公式，并用算例验证了碰撞非磁化等离子体CDRC-ADI-FDTD算法也是无条件稳定的。