查询词典 open end

Close discharge valve, the need to open and close with the Coma Berenices two pieces formed between the sealing suce sealing certain specific pressure, while also overcoming the stem and the packing between the stem and the nut thread between the stem end Department and other friction parts bearing friction, and must exert a certain degree of closing force and closing moments, PUMP CONTROL VALVE EN700X the valve in the open and close the process, the required hoisting hoisting force and torque is the change, Its maximum is in the closed or open end of the initial transient instantaneous.

关闭放料阀门时，需要使启闭件与发座两密封面间形成一定的密封比压，同时还要克服阀杆与填料之间、阀杆与螺母的螺纹之间、阀杆端部支承处及其他磨擦部位的摩擦力，因而必须施加一定的关闭力和关闭力矩，阀门在启闭过程中，所需要的启闭力和启闭力矩是变化的，其最大值是在关闭的最终瞬时或开启的最初瞬时。

Since the first open-end fund issue, there are 5th redemption, which also reveals more profound form of market phenomena causing open-end fund liquidity risk. In 2002, the open-end fund market was just established, in order to expand the size, many funds only attract institutional investors, and do not distinguish between investor by their liquidity preference. Under such single structure, institutional investors large size redemption will cause fund scale reduced significantly, which suffered huge losses. In 2003, as the Funds growth, more and more retail investors join in fund market and occupy a dominant position. Due to the lack of awareness of the fund market, they all use the concept of stock investment.

自开放式基金成立以来，中国历史上的5次赎回也更深刻的揭示了构成开放式基金流动性风险的市场现象。2002年为开放式基金成立初期，很多基金为了吸纳资本，扩大规模，只面向机构投资者融资，并且不区分投资者的流动性偏好，在这种单一的结构下，机构投资者的大额赎回就导致基金规模的锐减，从而遭受巨大损失。2003年，随着基金的发展，越来越多的散户介入其中并占据主导地位，由于缺乏对基金市场的认识，按照原有投资股票的理念投资基金，所以在低迷的股市稍有起色，基金稍有赢利时，就开始赎回，造成了多只基金净值的损失。2005年，保险行业可以直接入市，再加之逐渐回升的行情和基金公司高额的手续费，很多保险公司开始赎回持有的基金转而直接入市。

This paper analyses the homogenous tendency of open-end fund at first,pointing out that unperfect development of market and investors' immature investment opinions is the origin of such phenomena. Secondly,having compared the fund sizes and purchase fee rates of 25 open-end funds in China,conclude that there are problems of diseconomy of scale and indistinctive relativity between fees and achievement in Chinese open-end funds. Then this paper introduces benefit and cost function to analyze the problem of lack of motivation and constrain mechanism towards fund managers because of unreasonable fees in China. Thirdly,this paper analyze funds managers' normal hazards by static game model,and then points out fund managers have serious tunneling behaviors in Chinese open-end fund industry. In the end,this paper analyzes the causes of liquidity risk of open-end fun and the particularity of liquidity risk of open-end fund in China,and concludes that liquidity risk in Chinese open-end fund industry is higher through calculating the rates of share change and comparing the portfolio selections of top 20 open-end funds in China.

本文首先分析了我国目前存在的基金产品同质化现象，指出市场发展的不完善以及投资者投资理念的不成熟是同质化的根源所在；其次对比了我国现有的25只开放式基金的规模和申购费率，得出了我国开放式基金存在着规模效应不明显以及基金业绩与费率相关性不强的问题，并引入效益函数和成本函数分析了由于我国开放式基金费率不合理引发的基金管理者激励约束机制缺失的问题；再次，应用静态博弈模型分析了基金管理人面临的道德风险，指出目前我国开放式基金由于监管机制脆弱而存在着较为严重的管理者利益输送行为；最后，分析了开放式基金流动性风险的形成原因以及我国基金市场流动性风险的特殊性，并通过计算目前我国基金资产规模前20位的开放式基金的份额变动率以及比较它们的投资组合结构，得出了目前我国开放式基金流动性风险偏大的结论。

For purposes of this definition, payment by check, draft, or other negotiable instrument which may result in the debiting of an open-end credit plan or a credit cardholder's open-end account shall not be considered payment made by use of the plan or the account.

为目的的这一定义，用支票付款，草稿，或其他可转让票据，这可能会导致该扣除一开放式的信贷计划或信用卡持卡人的开放，年终帐户，不得视为付款所作出的使用计划，或帐户。

Open-end jet spinning is a new spinning method, which works in such a way that a high-speed air current forms the open end with the aid of roller drafting, while a high-speed rotating air current inserts twist to the sliver.

自由端喷气纺纱是以高速气流辅以罗拉牵伸而形成自由端，并利用高速旋转气流对须条进行加捻的一种新型纺纱方法。

If we closed the stock fund and open the performance of equity funds to make a comparison, from the proceeds, we can not see a particular species has a distinct advantage, but the closed-end bond funds relative in open-end bond fund returns is a very obvious advantage, in fact, the last line of this table, the latest year, closed-end bond funds as opposed to open-end fund revenue increased 22.74 percent, nearly three years is 55.43 percent, nearly five years beyond the range of more than 55.9 percent, which the middle of the main reason for this is not the manager of closed-end funds than open-end fund managers with high levels, the key lies in product differentiation, one is closed, one is open.

如果我们关闭了股票基金和开放式股票基金的表现作比较，从收益中，我们看不到某一物种具有明显的优势，但封闭式债券基金相对开放年末债券基金的回报是非常明显的优势，事实上，这个表的最后一行，最近一年，封闭式债券基金相对于开放式基金收入增长百分之22.74，是近三年百分之55.43，接近五年超出了超过百分之55.9，其中的主要原因中间是不是经理封闭比开放式水平高的封闭式基金的基金经理，关键在于产品差异范围，一个是封闭的，一个是开放的。

Bond last week, open-end fund net growth rate averaged 0.79 percent, the bond-type financial product brokerage collection net growth rate of 0.14 percent, the performance bond as open-end funds.

上周债券，开放式基金的平均净值增长率为百分之0.79，债券型金融产品的经纪征收百分之0.14净增长率为开放式基金的履约保证金。

In addition,comparing with closed-end fund,the ransom arrangement of open-end fund would decrease searcing cost and suopervising cost resulted from information symmetry and would avoid the happening of adverse selection and moral hazard,for this reason the open-fund is more efficient.

与封闭式基金相比，开放式基金的赎回机制可降低源于信息不对称的搜寻成本与监督成本，有效地防止了逆选择和道德风险的发生，从而投资于开放式基金是更有效率的

Therefore, the construction of the open-end fund liquidity risk management system in our country should base on the actual situation of our financial market and system. Firstly, we should establish the object, the procedure and the risk forecast and alarm system of the open-end fund. Secondly we should focus on the interior asset and fund management of fund management companies as well as the external system and environment reform, which is for the purpose of optimizing the liquidity risk management and prevention measure. And finally the integrated liquidity risk management system including three stages following as pre-estimation, in the matter monitoring and afterwards appraisal is expected to be accomplished.

因此，我国开放式基金流动性风险管理体系的构建应结合金融市场和金融体系的现实条件，从建立开放式基金流动性风险管理的目标、程序和风险预警指标体系入手，在基金管理公司外部的制度、环境配套改革和内部的资产、资金管理两个层面，加强流动性风险的防范措施，优化流动性风险的管理方法，形成事前计量、事中监控和事后评估的全过程、全方位流动性风险综合管理体系。

This thesis studies the redemption risk of open-end funds , and puts forward the methods of the redemption risk management of open-end fund from the angle of fund managers as well as the external environments.

本文以开放式基金的赎回风险为研究对象，吸收了国内外关于风险管理的研究成果，以定性和定量的方法，系统研究了开放式基金的赎回风险。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。