查询词典 obligation

Getting across compare the obligation of the breach of faith in common civil contract with the obligation of the breach of faith in labor contract, this disquisition analyzes some theory questions about the obligation of the breach of faith in labor contract, and bring forwards some advices.

本文通过比较一般民事合同违约责任与劳动合同违约责任的不同，在对劳动合同违约责任有关的理论问题进行深入分析的基础上，对相关的法律制度提出了立法上的建议。

Collateral obligation of contract is born with the development of contract relationship ,and the contractual duty framework is composed by the contractual collateral obligation and the contractual payment obligation.

合同附随义务是在合同关系的发展过程中产生的，与合同给付义务一起组成合同义务的基本框架。

Novation of obligation not only conform to the principle of freedom of contract and modern efficiency , but also has great significance in consummating the following institution of civil law : transfer of obligation , guaranty of debt, prescription and termination of obligation .

债的更新不仅符合合同自由和现代效率原则，而且对于债之移转、债的担保、时效以及债的消灭等制度的完善均有重要意义。

Novation of obligation is one cause of termination of obligation in the traditional civil law codes, which has the function of, transferring obligation.

内容提要：债的更新是传统民法中债权消灭的原因之一，具有实现债权、债务转移，简化法律关系，保护债之当事人合法权益之功能，是债权让与、债务承担、债的变更制度无法替代的制度。

To seek the dynamic interest balance between the security obligator and consumers and to realize justice and efficiency,we must take the principle of benefit balance as starting point to define the concept of the obligation of security,the nature,settle the content of law and the judge standard and set up the legal obligation of the security obligation. So we must think about the present situation of legislation and judicial practice in China and learn from other countries' successful experience.

由于安全保障义务人相对于权利人处于"优势"地位，其有足够的能力防止损害的发生，因此必须以利益均衡原则为出发点来界定安全保障义务的概念、认定其法律性质、划定其内容和判定标准、规定违反安全保障义务的法律责任，以实现权利人与义务人两者利益关系的动态平衡，达到公平和效率的价值目标。

The traditional concept of environmental obligation has three shortcomings:the stipulation of obligation is too propagandistic,stress on precaution and end,lack of process control,and the elements of obligation lack of a mechanism for reciprocation to environment.

传统环境法义务观存在三方面不足：义务的规定具有极强的政策性和宣示性；强调事先预防和事后治理的模式，缺乏事中控制；义务的架构缺失一种对自然的回馈机制。

Firstly, it analyses the object of contract rescission from several angels, concludes that the object of contract rescission should be the original right and obligation in the contract, the contract itself and the right and obligation in the contract for the purpose of remedy is not rescinded. So the problem that whether contract rescission has retroactivity effect becomes the problem that whether contract rescission makes the original right and obligation in the contract vanishes retroactively.

笔者对合同解除的标的进行分析，认为合同解除的标的应该是合同内容中的原始性权利义务，合同解除后合同本身和合同中的救济性权利义务并不因合同解除而消灭，正因为此，关于合同解除是否有溯及力的问题也变成了合同解除后是否使合同中的原始性权利义务溯及地消灭的问题。

It emphasizes some ordinances with more disputes but faultiness or losing in legislation, and make relevant suggestion: that the insurer exercising the right of subrogation should justify paying the insurance compensation; the insurance compensation of inadequate insurance should be distributed by proportion ,according to the proportion of insurance subject matter assumed by the insurer and the insured; the definite items of the staple of the insured"s synergic obligation , the cost of exercising the synergic obligation should be stipulated by the law; and if the insured doesn"t exercise synergic obligation, he or she should liable for relevant legal responsibility etc.

本文以我国保险代位权的立法现状为出发点，以民商法基本理论为立足点，结合海内外的最新研究成果，将理论研究与实践相结合，运用历史分析、比较分析与实证分析的研究方法，从法学、社会学角度进行分析研究，并取得了以下研究成果：论文构筑了一个对保险代位权研究的综合分析框架；指出保险立法不完善及某些方面冲突等原因，导致保险代位权在实践中未充分发挥作用；提出保险代位权的本质是法律给予保险人减少风险损失的手段，是对社会资源加以公平配置的方式；损害赔偿金在保险人和被保险人之间的分配原则：按照他们各自对保险标的承担的风险比例进行分配；指出在人身保险中不适用代位权以及保险人有权对公法人行使代位权等观点。

With the coming of 20~th century,the development of science and technology brings chance and challenge to the human,but also causes the loss of humanity and crisis of modern and postmodern cultural value the most great represent is the moral frost and infirmness of sense on obligation and mistake on obligation relation,which brings that the Reality of ethic cant become something that should comes,and the reality of obligation becomes empty fancy.

其中最突出的表现在人类的道德冷漠、责任意识弱化以及责任关系的严重错位，造成伦理领域的&是然&之责，无法升华出&应然&之果，责任的&实然&变成空洞的玄想。

Secondly, according to the difference between collateral obligation and precontractual obligation, and post-contractual obligation, and payment obligation, and noreal obligation, the article explicated the meaning and the characteristic of collateral obligation, and also carried on distinguishing with its six kinds of concrete types.

其次，本文从附随义务与先合同义务、后合同义务、给付义务、不真正义务等相关概念的区别入手，明确了附随义务的涵义和特征，并就附随义务的六种具体类型进行了一一的列举分析。

I use an example quoted by Hu Jiaqi:"It is reported that America separates the DNA of a kind of virus by making use of genetic technology and combines it with another kind of DNA. Finally, they get a kind of virulent biological agent called a "pyrotoxin". Someone discloses in private that 20 grams of such a kind of biological agent could result in the global death of 6 billion people due to infection."

我在这里例举胡家奇所引用过的例子："据报道，美国利用转基因技术，将一种病毒的DNA分离出来，与另外一种DNA进行结合，拼结成一种剧毒的"热毒素"生物战剂，且私下有人透露，这种生物战剂只需20克，就可以导致全球60亿人全部感染死亡。"

Waiting, for the queers and the coons and the Reds and the Jews.

等待着疯子和黑人还有红色共产主义者还有犹太人