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Secondly, several common ARMA models and ARCH models are introduced in detail, and fractionally integrated models, such as ARFIMA and FIGARCH, which are developed in recent years, are introduced, too.

然后介绍了几种常用的ARMA模型和ARCH模型，其次重点介绍了近几年刚刚发展的分整模型，即ARFIMA模型和FIGARCH模型，并对其进行比较分析，指出这些模型的不足和适用范围。

The discrete mathematical models of the roundness and cylindricity EST are established; the mathematical models of the generating line straightness, axis straightness, coaxality, circular run—out and total run—out error of the revolution workpiece are put forward and established first based on the EST; the method about how to sample and to process sampling data are given when these models are applied to measure workpleces.

其主要内容是：针对长期以来国内对回转误差运动的有关定义的争论，对回转误差运动的本质进行了讨论，进一步明确了静心与静轴，动心与动轴的概念，并对此进行了数学推导，给出了相应的数学模型；统一了"平动说"和"瞬心说"关于回转轴线的定义，指出了两种学说各自的力学基础和它们的一致性。

Based on landscape representation models, process models and evaluation models, the author discussed five design approaches to landscapes: The Feng-shui approach, Lynch's approach of "Imageable city", the "Genius loci" approach, McHarg's "Design with nature" approach and the approach of landscape ecology.

本文从景观设计过程的陈述模型，过程模型和评价模型三个方面系统讨论和比较了五个不同景观设计途径，包括前科学途径，现象学途径（包括林奇的"城市印象"途径和"场所精神"途径），以及生态学途径(包括"设计遵从自然"途径和景观生态途径)。

The first part is preface, on the basis of expounding the background, the purpose, the meaning and the thinking of the thesis study, briefly introduce the research achievements of domestic and international urban spatial structure; the second part is summary, expatiate on the connotation, component, research span and space type of urban spatial structure; The third part is theory foundation, mainly introduce the three classical models of city spatial structure in the west country (concentric circles mode, fan-shaped mode and multi-core mode) and the relative city development theories (growth pole theory, dot-axis theory, core-fringe theory, metropolis circle theory and city space evolution theory); The fourth part is general situations of study region; The fifth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial structure evolution, along the historical venation Of city development, on the basis of analyzing industrial structure change, focus on and sumup the characteristics of spatial development and form, meanwhile, analyze factors which influences the spatial development; The sixth part is the analysis of Lanzhou city spatial development trend, put forward the development models of Lanzhou city spatial structure from three space aspects(the core city, the city, region) in the future, they are group gobbet structure, fingers structure, circle structure; The seventh part is to mainly put forward the development strategies for the different spatial structure models.

第一部分为前言，在阐明论文研究背景、目的及意义、思路的基础上，简要介绍了国内外城市空间结构相关研究成果；第二部分为概述，对城市空间结构的内涵、组成要素、研究尺度及其空间类型作以介绍；第三部分为理论基础，主要是对西方城市空间结构的3大经典模型(同心圆模式、扇形模式和多核心模式)以及与本研究相关的城市空间发展理论(增长极理论、点轴理论、核心——边缘理论、都市圈理论和城市空间演化理论)的介绍；第四部分为研究区概况，主要是对研究区域范围的界定及其社会经济发展概况介绍；第五部分是兰州城市空间结构演化分析，顺着兰州城市发展的历史脉络，在分析产业结构变动的基础上，着重对城市空间发展及其形态特征进行归纳总结，并分析了空间发展的主要影响因素；第六部分是兰州城市空间发展趋势分析，从中心城市、市域、区域3个空间层面上提出未来兰州城市空间结构的不同模式，即组团结构、指状结构、圈层结构；第七部分是城市空间发展策略，针对不同的城市空间发展模式提出一些对策建议。

Then, on the basis of above achieved constituent binary results, thermodynamic properties of 10 ternary liquid alioys (Cd-Bi-Pb, Cd-Pb-Sb, Cd-Pb-Sn, Mg-In-Cd, Zn-In- Cd, Cd-Bi-Sn, In-Bi-Pb, Sn-AgPb,Zn-In.Pb, Al-Cu-Zn), 3 quaternary ones (Cd-Bi-Pb-Sn, Zn-Sn-Cd-Bi, Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb) and 1 quinary. one (Zn-Sn-Pb-Cd-Bi) are predicted. For most of investigated multicomponent systems, the calculated activities are in good with the experimental ones, and in particular for multicompoment immiscible ones, the predicted results are satisfactory and exciting. At the same time, the comparison result between the three equations shows that Wilson equation and T-K-Wilson one are more stable than NRTL one, that maybe is because NRTL equation contains a third parameter, and so ,to some degree, Wilson model and T-K-Wilson model are superior to NRTL model. And also the comparison between local composition models and other models such as Pelton- Flengas?method, Krupkowski formalism, mass action concentration model and Hoch- Arpshofen model shows that local composition models are more convenient and credible.

在此基础之上应用局部组成型模型对10个三元液态合金（包括Cd-Bi-Pb、Cd-Pb-Sb、Cd-Pb-Sn、Mg-In-Cd、Zn-In-Cd、Cd-Bi-Sn、In-Bi-Pb、Sn-Ag-Pb、Zn-In-Pb、Al-Cu-Zn），3个四元液态合金（包括Cd-Bi-Pb-Sn、Zn-Sn-Cd-Bi、Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb）和1个五元液态合金（Zn-Sn-Pb-Cd-Bi）的活度进行了预测，预测效果良好，尤其对Zn-In-Pb系和Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb等多元液-液共存体系热力学性质的预测也取得了令人满意的结果；同时对三个方程的比较分析表明：Wilson方程和T-K-Wilson方程在多元系热力学性质的预测中表现稳定，而NRTL方程由于引入了物理意义不清楚的第三参数，使得其具有不确定性和不稳定性的特点，因此Wilson方程和T-K-Wilson方程较NRTL方程更为优越；此外对局部组成型模型与其它模型（如Pelton-Flengas方程、Krupkowski方程、作用浓度模型和Hoch-Arpshofen模型）的比较表明：局部组成型模型同样是优秀的，甚至在某些方面更为简便和可靠。

The first part introduces the incentive models of actual bonus stock synoptically,analyses the stock on hand,option shares and stock option,the three kind of important incentive models,on rights and incumbencies,value and the incentive guidance by contrast.The second part discusses the difficulties and influential factors in the design of technical bonus stock,quests for the incentive models of technical bonus stock,analyses superiority and inferior position in action,difference and interosculation between them,discusses the need and significance for the technical bonus stock reanimation in the middle-small technicalfilms.

本文内容共分为五章三大部分，第一部分概括性地介绍了现行股权激励方式，对现股、期股和期权这三种重要的激励方式，从权利义务、价值和激励导向三个方面进行了对比分析；第二部分探讨了技术股权设计的难点和影响因素，讨论了我国中小科技企业技术股权激励的方式，分析它们在激励中的优势和不足，以及它们之间的区别与联系，并对中小科技企业实施技术股权激励的必要性和意义进行了探讨。

These equipments were presented to the British forces in 1939 and adopted by the British SAS. The parachutes are first British Irvin sport models imported by the SGP (Société Générale des Parachutes) and Russian copies of the Irvin model and later French models : the Aviorex 120 and 130 models.

最初使用的降落伞是通过降落伞总公司（Société Générale des Parachutes，简称SGP）进口的英制欧文式降落伞运动型和俄制的欧文式降落伞仿制品，后来则开始使用法国国产的阿维奥雷克斯120型与130型。

We have defined minimum structure function for the CSAMT inversion based on genetic algorithm, and have found the optimal value of the Lagrange multiplier μ=0.5. The designed models are H, A, K, Q and HKH, KHA. When the data is without noise or with 10% noise, the resulting resistivity models fit the true models well.

利用H、A、K、Q和HKH、KHA模型对方法进行了数值试验，在无噪和加入10％噪声情况下，反演结果与模型一致；加入20％噪声后，反演仍取得良好结果，与理论模型基本吻合。

This KB-ODSS has not only strong functions of knowledge processing and model-supporting(e.g.,prediction models,decision analysis models,group negotiation models),and model-producing based on knowledge,and has the functions of interpreting,understanding,man-machine communication and exercise,which is an important part of enhancing decision-makers knowledge level and ability of employing GDSS in decision-making.

设计的KB-GDSS不仅具有很强的知识处理功能、适合企业的模型支持功能(包括分析、预测、决策和群协商模型等)和基于知识的模型生成功能，还具有较强的解释与理解、人-机交流和以提高决策者决策知识水平和能力为核心的决策训练功能——这是企业GDSS方案的理想选择。

ABSTRACT It is very difficult to get exact mathematical models of industrial processes, models used in design procedure of control systems are commonly mathematical models through approximation.

在实际工程应用中通常很难得到被控对象的精确数学模型，在控制系统设计过程中所采用的模型常常是在一定程度上的经过近似化处理的数学模型。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。