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See "Many Models of Empowerment: Students Make a Business of Learning," and read this interview with Baez.

详细情况参见"获准的各模型：学生以学习为业。"（Many Models of Empowerment： Students Make a Business of Learning）并阅读本期采访。

In recent works on sign language recognition,Hidden Markov Models has played an important role.But the framework of HMMs makes an assumption that the observations in the same state are independent and identically distributed,which is not consistent with sign language signals sometimes.

在近些年的手语识别工作中，隐马尔可夫模型（Hidden Markov Models，简称HMMs）起到了重要的作用，但是，HMMs假设同一状态内的观察值之间是独立同分布的，这个假设同某些手语信号的帧间相关性相背离。

Visual Rice Growth Models system represented an effort to design crop modeling software with object-oriented paradigm and to organize classes in system with model-document-view architecture. Firstly, the crop-environment system was abstracted as many subsystems and physiological processes with object-oriented paradigm while many classes were established to simulate the behaviors of these subsystems and physiological processes. In VRGM, the document-view architecture in Visual C++ was extended as model-document-view architecture for agricultural integrated system. In the model-document-view architecture, document gets the final simulation results by manipulating the models classes and acts as a communicating intermediacy between model and view. Views display the simulation results and translate users' operation and data entering to document. The architecture separates the domain models, data management and user interface.

中文题名可视水稻生长模型与智能栽培专家系统的研制副题名外文题名 Studies on visual rice growth models and cultivation expert system of computational intelligence 论文作者米湘成导师邹应斌研究员学科专业作物栽培学与耕作学研究领域\研究方向作物模拟与专家系统学位级别博士学位授予单位湖南农业大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数64页关键词作物生长模拟生长模型水稻馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S126 /2 本研究系国家"九五"攻关项目"水稻大面积高产综合配套技术研究与示范"课题的子专题，并结合水稻高产栽培技术资料和水稻专家的知识、经验以及科研成果，研制成了可视水稻生长模型(Visual Rice Growth Models，VRGM)及水稻高产栽培专家系统，并在此基础上进一步利用人工神经网络模型、模糊逻辑技术和田间栽培试验，对生长模型和专家系统进行了改进。

Thinking about the zero inventory, we decided to adopt the broker models of online exchange strategic model.

同时考虑到零库存的因素，我们决定采取broker models的online exchange战略模式。

Density Functional Theory method was used to optimize the geometries of 209 PCDE molecules, 209 PBDE molecules and 75 PCDD molecules at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. Using computed structural parameters as theoretical descriptors, the forward stepwise multiple regression technique was adopted to obtain QSPR models of environmental partition properties for these POPs by using GQSARF 2.0 and SPSS12.0 for windows programs. The obtained QSPR models are as follows:(1) QSPR models for predicting subcooled liquid vapor pressure, n-octanol/water partition coefficients lgK_(ow and subcooled liquid water solubilities -lgS_(w,l of PCDEs, of which correlative coefficients (R~2) are 0.988, 0.958 and 0.959 and the root-mean-square-error of estimation are 0.134, 0.116 and 0.327 respectively.(2) QSPR models of lgPL and n-octanol/air partition coefficients lgK_(oa for PBDEs, which both contain three structural parameters. The values of R2 for the two models are both 0.997 while the values of RMSEE are 0.073 and 0.062 respectively.(3) QSPR models of lgKow and–lgS_ for PCDEs, which both have one variable (mean molecular polarizability,α). The values of R~2 for the two models are 0.978 and 0.866 and the values of RMSEE are 0.300 and 0.270 respectively.(4) The molecular structures of 24 substituted naphthaline compounds were optimized using Hartree-Fock and DFT methods at four different levels and the same means was used to obtain four three-parameter (EHOMO, q~+ andα) QSPR models of lgK_. The model at the HF/6-311G** level is the best one of which R2 is 0.9662 and RMSEE is 0.380.(5) QSPR study for environmental partition properties of PCDEs was also performed using position of Cl substitution method in which simple parameters of substitution position were taken as descriptors. The multiple linear regression was performed with GQSARF 2.0 and SSPS 12.0 for windows programs to obtain QSPR models of lgP_L, lgK_ and–lgS_ for PCDEs of which R~2 are 0.991, 0.983 and 0.965 and RMSEE are 0.311, 0.100 and 0.300 respectively.

采用密度泛函理论方法在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上对PCDEs、PBDEs和PCDDs的分子结构进行了全优化计算，以计算得到的量子化学参数作为理论描述符，采用GQSARF 2.0和SPSS 12.0 for windows统计程序进行正向逐步回归分析，建立了这些POPs的环境分配性质的QSPR模型：(1) PCDEs的过冷液体蒸汽压、正辛醇/水分配系数lgK_(ow和水溶解度-lgS_(w，l的QSPR模型，这3个QSPR模型的相关系数(R2)分别为0.988、0.958和0.959，估计的均方根误差分别为0.134、0.116和0.327；(2) PBDEs的lgPL和正辛醇/空气分配系数lgK_(oa的QSPR模型，这两个模型都包含三个分子结构参数，其R~2都为0.997，RSMEE分别为0.073和0.062；(3) PCDDs类化合物的lgK_和-lgS_w的QSPR模型，两个模型都只含一个变量，其R~2分别为0.978和0.866，RSMEE分别为0.300和0.270；(4)采用Hartree-Fock和DFT方法，在4种不同水平上优化计算了24个取代萘系列化合物的分子结构，采用上述同样的方法分别建立了四种水平上的三变量lgK_模型，通过比较得到，在HF/6-311G**水平计算得到的模型最好，R为0.966，RSMEE为0.380；(5)同时，采用氯原子取代位置方法对PCDEs的环境分配性质进行QSPR研究，建立了PCDEs的lgPL、lgK_和-lgS_的QSPR模型，其R~2分别为0.991、0.983和0.965，RSMEE分别为0.110、0.100和0.300。

On the base of reviewing the development of NSP models, some deficiencies of existent models are analysed and listed as follows: most models can be applied only to very small watershed; mechanism models involve too many parameters which can not be calibrated properly by limited data; amoung practical models, empirical models are much more common than mechanism models; most models are focus on the conservative soluble pollutants rather than non-conservative and particulate pollutants; almost all models rely highly on the measured data, and there are fewer studies about the load estimation for ungauged areas.

本文在评述非点源污染模型研究进展的基础上，分析了现有模型的不足，主要有：大多数模型只能适应于很小的流域面积；机理类模型参数过多，率定困难，应用效果不理想；实用模型中，经验类模型多，机理类模型少；对保守性的液态污染物研究得较多，对非保守性和固态污染物研究得较少；各类模型均高度依赖于实测资料，无资料地区的模型或预测方法研究得很少。

As part of the Model Ship Builder Organization of websites we are pleased provide you access to a unique modeling project offered by our sister site Navy Board Models.

作为船模制作组织的网站，我们很高兴为您提供了一个独特的建模项目，由提供我们的姊妹网站──Navy Board Models。

Four classes of partition models , empirical models , functional equilibrium models , optimal control models , and source-sink models were reviewed in this paper. The empirical models were widely used with minimal mechanistic assumptions. The function equilibrium models were successful in the simulation of the rootPcanopy ratio at the periods of the vegetative growth , but were poor to simulate portioning among other organs. The optimal control models were suitable for the modeling under the equilibrium state. The source2sink models were the most powerful and mechanistically based models capable of simulating dynamic photoassimilates partitioning between any organs of the plants.

对于同化物分配模型按照经验模型，目的性模型，源汇关系模型进行了总结归纳，分析指出：经验性模型应用最多但机理性差；功能平衡模型在模拟营养生长阶段同化物在条与根之间的分配很成功，但应用于其它器官之间很困难；最优化模型适于模拟平衡态下同化物的分配；源汇关系模型机理性最强，可模拟任何器官间的同化物分配，应用范围最广泛。

Scientists plan to use this information as baseline to refine computer models showing contrails' effect on climate.

这里a fine和refine已经不是语音能够解决的问题了，关键还是models其了作用。

Although this is a rather straight forward project, you can discuss it with others over at Navy Board Models in the discussion forum area (you need to be a member to post).

虽然这是一个相当简单的项目，您可以与他人在Navy Board Models的论坛讨论区讨论（你需要注册为一个成员后）。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。