查询词典 mandarin

This dissertation studies Beijing Nongmingong's Mandarin attitude from five points, including their evaluation of Mandarin, psychological receptive degree of using Mandarin, degree of difficulty in learning Mandarin, expectative degree for their Mandarin competence, and expectative degree for their children's leaning of Mandarin. This part also studies Beijing Nongmingong's dialect attitude from two points: their evaluation of dialect and expectative degree of preserving their children's dialect.

从在京农民工"对普通话的主观评价、说普通话的心理接受程度、学习普通话的难易感受、对自身普通话水平的期望程度和对子女会说普通话的期望程度"五个角度，展示了在京农民工对普通话的态度；从在京农民工"对家乡话的评价、对子女保持家乡话的期望程度"两个角度，展示了在京农民工对家乡话的态度。

The Dialect in Northern Anhui mainly refers to the Central Mandarin dialects in the area north of Huaihe River, Anhui Province. Surrounded by other Central Mandarin dialects and the Eastern Mandarin dialects, the Dialects in Norther Anhui has the intermediacy between other Central Mandarin dialects and the Eastern Mandarin dialects, which is prominently reflected in the lexicon.

皖北方言主要指安徽省淮河以北地区的中原官话，皖北方言处在其他中原官话和江淮官话的包围之中，在词汇上具有从中原官话向江淮官话的过渡性。

This article discussed the problem of the relationship between the language nationality and sociality, putting forward oppugnation about "Han mandarin" and country current mandarin, considering that the constitution prescropt about "the whole country current mandarin extended by nation" should be comprehended correctly, in order to take more achievement in whole country extending mandarin.

文章论述了语言的民族性与社会性的关系问题，对"汉语普通话"和"国家通用的普通话"等说法提出了质疑，认为应该正确理解宪法关於"国家推广全国通用的普通话"的规定，使全国推广普通话的工作取得更大成绩。

On the basis of some language facts that we discovered in Fucun, we try to explain the "contradiction", and think that the root of the " contradiction" rests with the undoubtedly powerful status of Mandarin: Fucun people on the one hand think that Mandarin is more useful and preferable, so willing to speak it; on the other hand, regarding Mandarin as the mark of high social status, they may difficultly accept or exclude using Mandarin before people of the village, so uncourageous to speak it.

根据在傅村所调查到的一些事实，我们对这一看似矛盾的现象进行了解释，认为这一&矛盾&的根源在于普通话无可争议的强势地位：傅村人一方面认为它&更好听&&史有用&，因而&想说&，但另一方面又将普通话视为有身份、有地位的标志，若对同村人使用这样的语言，对方将难以接受并很有可能受到排斥甚至指责，因而又&不敢说&。

According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.

本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。

For example, the merger of ancient voiced obstruent onset tone IV syllables into IB covers the whole Mandarin area except for Jiangsu and Anhui which preserve tone IV, and the merger of sonorant onset tone IV syllables into III covers the Mandarin areas of Hebei-Shandong, Lanyin, Beijing, the Northeast, Liaoning, etc., and the merger of voiceless onsets into IA covers the Mandarin areas of the central plains and Hebei-Shandong.

例如，古全浊声母入声字归阳平的读法涵盖了除保留入声的江淮官话以外的所有官话区，古次浊声母入声字归去声的读法涵盖了冀鲁、兰银、北京、东北、胶辽等五个官话区，古清声母归阴平的读法也涵盖了中原官话和冀鲁官话。

Second, Wu dialects, like Mandarin, are of both prepositions and postpositions, but the postposition system in Wu dialects is more advanced than in Mandarin in that there are richer highly grammaticalized postpositions and they play more active syntactic roles in Wu dialects than in Mandarin.

二、吴语像普通话一样前置词和后置词并存，但后置词比普通话更为发达，表现在语法化程度更高、在句法结构中的作用更重要。

Second, Wu dialects, like Mandarin, are of both prepositions and postpositions, but the postposition system in Wu dialects is more advancedthan in Mandarin in that there are richer highly grammaticalized postpositions and they play more active syntactic roles in Wu dialects than in Mandarin.

二、吴语像普通话一样前置词和后置词并存，但后置词比普通话更为发达，表现在语法化程度更高、在句法结构中的作用更重要。

Although the paradox of "willing to say and uncourageous to say" postpones the step of Fucun Dialect to Mandarin, Fucun Dialect is not unlikely to be replaced by Mandarin following the continuously extendmg influences of Mandarin on the whole society and increasingly frequent communication between Fucun and outside people.

虽然这种&想说又不敢说&的矛盾心理延缓了傅村方言向普通话靠拢的步伐，但随着普通话在全社会影响的持续扩大，随着傅村人与外界交流的日益频繁，傅村方言最终为普通话所取代亦非没有可能。

The author introduces the extraction of Mandarin yellow,Mandarin oil and pectin from Mandarin orange peels,and point out that it has the important signaficance for industrial production.

本文介绍了从柑桔皮中提取昂贵的天然柑桔黄、桔油、果胶等系列产品的研究，结果表明，将其逐步推向工业化将具有十分重要的意义。

This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Issachar according to their families, the cities and their villages.

19：23 这些城并属城的村庄就是以萨迦支派按着宗族所得的地业。

I've have enough of your garbage.

我听了你的废话。