查询词典 jurisdiction

After the intermediate stage in the Medieval Europe, the deed theories of Hebrew culture was not only enormously promoted the economic development , with contracting freedom inherited from the ancient Rome culture, Moreover, it had expedited the people sovereignty theories. After the combination of the neoteric commodity economy with the theories of Christianity\'s original sin, belief doctrine, and the wealth view, which gave birth to the supreme status of constitution, and the conception of equality, freedom, and so on. Christianity\'s wealth view (especially the Protestantism ethics) enormously promoted the capitalism expansion and finally forms the conception that private property are sacrosanctity. The ideology of successive authority restriction from Christianity, and the Christianity\'s exercise to partial legislative power and jurisdiction power, combined with autonomous cities based on commodity economy, and the political phenomenon that merchants exerted legislative power and jurisdiction power. Those had made the mundane ruler such as king, and so on, could only take the exertion of tax revenue power as the main symbol administrative authorities. It provided historical and psychological foundation for the birth of modern decentralization theories .

希伯来文化中的"约"和古罗马的契约自由不仅极大地促进中世纪中期以后欧洲商品经济的发展，而且催生了人民主权理念；基督教的"原罪说"、信仰主义和财富观等与近代商品经济的结合，生成了宪法至上及平等、自由等权利观念；基督教的财富观极大地促进了资本主义扩大再生产的实现并最终形成私有财产神圣不可侵犯的财产权观念；基督教会传承的权力制约思想及基督教会对部分立法权和司法权的行使，与建立在商品经济基础上的自治城市及商人行使立法权、司法权等政治现象相耦合，使得国王等世俗的统治者习惯于只行使以税收权为主要标志的行政权，为近代分权学说的产生和分权制度的建立提供了历史和心理的基础。

After the intermediate stage in the Medieval Europe, the deed theories of Hebrew culture was not only enormously promoted the economic development , with contracting freedom inherited from the ancient Rome culture, Moreover, it had expedited the people sovereignty theories. After the combination of the neoteric commodity economy with the theories of Christianity"s original sin, belief doctrine, and the wealth view, which gave birth to the supreme status of constitution, and the conception of equality, freedom, and so on. Christianity"s wealth view (especially the Protestantism ethics) enormously promoted the capitalism expansion and finally forms the conception that private property are sacrosanctity. The ideology of successive authority restriction from Christianity, and the Christianitys exercise to partial legislative power and jurisdiction power, combined with autonomous cities based on commodity economy, and the political phenomenon that merchants exerted legislative power and jurisdiction power. Those had made the mundane ruler such as king, and so on, could only take the exertion of tax revenue power as the main symbol administrative authorities. It provided historical and psychological foundation for the birth of modern decentralization theories .

希伯来文化中的"约"和古罗马的契约自由不仅极大地促进中世纪中期以后欧洲商品经济的发展，而且催生了人民主权理念；基督教的"原罪说"、信仰主义和财富观等与近代商品经济的结合，生成了宪法至上及平等、自由等权利观念；基督教的财富观极大地促进了资本主义扩大再生产的实现并最终形成私有财产神圣不可侵犯的财产权观念；基督教会传承的权力制约思想及基督教会对部分立法权和司法权的行使，与建立在商品经济基础上的自治城市及商人行使立法权、司法权等政治现象相耦合，使得国王等世俗的统治者习惯于只行使以税收权为主要标志的行政权，为近代分权学说的产生和分权制度的建立提供了历史和心理的基础。

First, on the hand of litigation, the world is moving towards a more normative solution in the jurisdiction, adjudication and execution of lawsuits concerning shareholders rights. China should bring in litigations concerning right to address inquiries as a remedy to the imperfection of law. The scope and object of adjudication of court should be determined by the nature of case. Ways to perfect specific provisions in the area of jurisdiction, time limit, preservation measures as well as execution are also proposed in the paper. Second, on the hand of non-litigation, scrutinizer as a means of non-litigation is neutral and order of investigation is convenient. Non-litigation should be brought into Chinese company law as a supplement of litigation.

第一，各国及各地区立法在股东知情权诉讼的管辖、审理及执行等方面的规范更加完善，重点结合我国司法实践中股东知情权诉讼的争议，认为应当建立质询权诉讼机制弥补法律的缺失，依据知情权诉讼的本质确定法院的受理范围及审理对象，探讨通过完善股东知情权理论基础确定诉讼的被告，同时对诉讼中具体规范如管辖、诉讼时效、保全措施及执行等方面的完善提出建议；第二，检查人选任制度作为非诉讼救济方式具有中立、全面的特点，调查令方式具有方便的优势，从而建议我国公司法可引入非诉讼救济方式作为诉讼救济方式的补充。

As we know,the features of Internet such as virtual and no territorially have brought impact on the civil cases of Internet—related,traditional methods to determine jurisdiction which take the district as conjunctive factor have encountered difficulty in the Internet—related cases.The factors to determine the jurisdiction such as forum rei,lex loci contracts,lex loci delicti become indefinite in the Internet surrounding.

众所周知，网络的虚拟性、超国界性等特点给涉网的民商事纠纷的管辖权确定带来冲击，传统的以地域为连结因素的管辖权确定方法在网络案件中遇到了困难，被告所在地、合同履行地、侵权行为地等连结因素的确定在网络环境下变得不明确。

The supreme episcopal jurisdiction of the Pope, who is called the Vicar of Christ (a title of the Roman pontiff dating from the 8th century) expresses his claim to universal jurisdiction and implies that the other bishops are not equal to him, but subordinate to him as his representatives - a claim that is foreign to the ancient Church.

最高主教管辖的教宗，谁被称为基督的牧师（标题罗马教皇追溯到8世纪）表示要求普遍管辖权，意味著其他主教并不等於他，但他的下属作为他的代表-一个声称是外国的古老教堂。

Valueing , is directly under the jurisdiction of on the boundary of ten anniversaries in Chongqing ,Choose the high grade Pu'er tea ,Match somebody with somebody with there is the representativeness design in Chongqing 、Label to know and script along with Pu'er tea Ma Gudao's picture ,Design painstakingly 、Manufacturing one suit lives "Chongqing is directly under the jurisdiction of ten anniversaries "With "Tea Ma Gudao "Accumulate the righteousness keepsake Pu'er tea ,With issue after the wide-ranging propaganda again ,The wide townspeople not merely can stimulating are concerned about and have deep love for warmheartedness in Chongqing ,But also nevertheless broaden that Chongqing externally interchanges and valid shape of effect .

时值重庆直辖十周年之际，选用优质的普洱茶，配以重庆有代表性的图案、标识和文字以及普洱茶马古道图，精心设计、制作一套寓有"重庆直辖十周年"和"茶马古道"蕴义的纪念普洱茶，再经过广泛的宣传和发行，不仅能够激发广大市民关心和热爱重庆的热情，而且还是扩大重庆对外交流和影响的有效形式。

Any court or agency of the jurisdiction fails to formulate or issue or publishe or enforce orders, laws, regulations, codes, writ of execution, prohibition, suspensions, decrees or detention orders to restrict or prohibit the the agreements'transaction from implementing , or announce the completion of the transactions is illegal; any organ of state of the country having jurisdiction to related issues have not present or threat any procedures being bring an lawsuits, accusation, investigations to restrict or prohibit the implementation of the agreements' transaction, or announce the completion of the transactions illegal.

任何具有管辖权的法院或任何国家机构未制定、签发、颁布或强制执行任何命令、法律、规定、法规、执行令、禁令、中止、法令或扣留令，以限制或禁止完成本协议拟定之交易、或宣布本协议拟定之交易的完成为非法的；任何对有关事宜具有管辖权的国家机构未提起或威胁将提起任何诉讼、起诉、调查或法律程序，以限制或禁止进行本协议拟定之交易、或宣布进行本协议拟定之交易为非法

The article first explains the concept of vessels and the quality and meaning of the rights of shipping of vessels. According to the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea, the article follows expounding the legal position of Internal waters, the territorial sea, the adjacent zone, the exclusive economic zone, International straits, archipelagic waters and the high seas, and analyzing the rights and obligations of coastal countries in above areas and the criminal jurisdiction and civil jurisdiction of the coastal country and the flag state. Then, the article clears up the rights of shipping of vessels in different areas, which is the main point of the paper. Circling this main point, the article further makes some advice to better our regulations on the law of the sea.

因此，本文从船舶的定义及船舶航行权的性质和意义入手，以《联合国海洋法公约》为依据，阐述了公约所划定的内水、领海、毗连区、专属经济区、国际海峡、群岛水域及公海的法律地位、分析沿海国在这些海域中的权利和义务，以及沿海国与船旗国对船舶的刑事、民事管辖权，进而明确了船舶在不同海域的航行权，并围绕这一中心问题，提出了完善我国海洋法律制度的相关建议。

If any provision hereof violates any law of any jurisdiction,such provision shall be of no force and effect in such jurisdiction but shall not affect the validity of any provision hereof.

如果任何供应于此违犯任何司法任何法律，这样供应将是没有在这样司法的力量和作用，但是于此不会影响任何供应有效性。

When the domiciles and regular abodes of several defendants in the same civil suit come under the jurisdiction of two or more people's courts , the y all have the right of jurisdiction .

同一诉讼的几个被告住所地、经常居住地在两个以上人民法院辖区的，各该人民法院都有管辖权。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。