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A method to synthsis a - methylene - r - butyrolactones was reported by the substituted (a - carbethoxyvinyl) cuprate intermediates, generated by the addition of higer order cuprate to acetylenic ester,traping with epoxides stereoselectively.

本文报道了通过以高序铜代替低序铜对炔酸酯加成得到的取代铜与端基或环状环氧化合物的立体选择性反应，较高产率的合成α，β-取代烯酯，进而可合成α-亚烷基-γ-丁内酯类衍生物。

Such a process is particularly useful in the production of difunctional monomers and intermediates in the synthesis of adipic acid.

这样一种方法对于制备双官能单体和合成己二酸的中间体特别有用。

The general formulas of these compounds are as follows:The strobilurin derivatives were synthesized from substitutedβ-keto esters (2) as starting material which were prepared from substituted ketones (1) and dimethyl carbonate. The ester (2) and methyl hydrazine or substituted amidine were dissolved in methanol and the mixture was heated to reflux to obtain the substituted 5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole (3) or 4-hydroxy-pyrimidine (4). The title compounds were prepared by reacting the intermediates (3 and 4) with substituted halomethylphenyls which contain four active group under basic conditions.

本论文所合成的strobilurin化合物均是以β-酮酸酯类化合物(2)为起始原料合成的，该中间体(2)是由酮类化合物(1)与碳酸二甲酯在碱性条件下反应生成的，中间体(2)与甲基肼或取代脒类化合物在甲醇中回流制得取代的1H-5-羟基吡唑(3)或4-羟基嘧啶(4)，中间体(3和4)再与包含四种活性基的苄卤中间体在碱性条件下制得目标化合物。

The genera formulas of these compounds are as follows:The strobilurin derivatives were synthesized from substitutedβ-keto esters (2) as starting material which were prepared from substituted ketones (1) and dimethyl carbonate. The ester (2) and methyl hydrazine or substituted amidine were dissolved in methanol and the mixture was heated to reflux to obtain the substituted 5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole (3) or 4-hydroxy-pyrimidine (4). The title compounds were prepared by reacting the intermediates (3 and 4) with substituted halomethylphenyls which contain four active group under basic conditions.

本论文所合成的strobilurin化合物均是以β-酮酸酯类化合物(2)为起始原料合成的，该中间体(2)是由酮类化合物(1)与碳酸二甲酯在碱性条件下反应生成的，中间体(2)与甲基肼或取代脒类化合物在甲醇中回流制得取代的1H-5-羟基吡唑(3)或4-羟基嘧啶(4)，中间体(3和4)再与包含四种活性基的苄卤中间体在碱性条件下制得目标化合物。

Production of dye intermediates oxidation products have Anthraquinone, refined anthracene, carbazole, 1 - aminoanthraquinone refined benzene around anthrone, anthrone-bromo-benzene series around.

企业生产的染料中间体系列产品有氧化蒽醌、精蒽、咔唑、1--氨基蒽醌、精制苯绕蒽酮、溴代苯绕蒽酮系列等。

When a pathway, such as the Embden-Meyerhof pathway or the TCA cycle are amphibolic pathway is referred to as an amphibolic pathway .Pathways of glycolysis and the TCA cycle are amphibolic pathways because they provide ATP and chemical intermediates to build new cell material .The main metabolic pathways ,and their relationship to biosynthesis of cell material ,are shown in figure 21 below.

当一种方式，譬如Embden-Meyerhof方式或三辛胺周期方式，指一条醣解作用为方式路径，并且三辛胺周期是一种方式，因为它们提供ATP 和化工中间体建立新细胞物质主要新陈代谢的方式，与它们的关系构成细胞材料生物合成，下面介绍表21 。

In order to develop an useful synthestic process, we have synthesized amides with various substitutents. The isoquinoline skeleton was constructed through Bischler-Napieralski reaction, followed by asymmetric reduction of the imine intermediates with a Ru complex to form the only chiral center. Finally, we connected the two phenyl groups by Heck reaction and effectively obtained optically active aporphine alkaloids.

为了发展一套实用的合成方法，我们首先制备於苯环上具有不同种取代基的苯乙醯胺，接著透过Bischler-Napieralski反应进行分子内合环，并利用钌金属对亚胺中间体进行不对称的还原反应，建立出产物中唯一的光学活性中心，最后再利用Heck反应连结两个苯环，就可以顺利得到具有光学选择性的阿朴吩类天然物。

Sichuan Argal Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. located in Chengdu of China, offers advanced drug intermediates and bulk fine chemicals for pharmaceutical development and manufacture.

四川艾格尔生物科技有限公司坐落在中国西部的中心城市成都，主要为世界范围的医药公司服务，提供一流的医药中间体，尤其是手性医药中间体。

Assortative mating between the sister species means that hybridization is rare in nature, and the few hybrids that are produced are non-mimetic, poorly adapted intermediates.

姐妹物种Heliconius melpomene和Heliconius cydno 最近开始去模仿不同的分类模式。我们的实验表明他们的色彩模仿对选择伴侣是同样重要的。

By using this method, a synthetic data matrix for an autocatalytic reaction with two intermediates has been successfully resolved.

应用此方法，一组含有两个中间体的自催化反应的模拟数据得到了成功的解析。

Foods high in this vitamin include oily fish such as salmon, tuna and, and fish liver oils.

维生素D含量高的食物包括诸如大麻哈鱼、金枪鱼和鲭鱼之类的油鱼以及鱼肝油。

We need you to cosign our public letter demanding that press intimidation cease immediately, and that all charges be dropped.

我们需要您cosign我们的公共信，要求记者立即停止恐吓，并要求所有收费下降。