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Nestin-positive cells were in the mesenchyma of small intestine, none of which in the crypts. In mucosa of descending colon, Musashi-1-positive cells were mainly located between cell positions 1 and 4, and TERT-positivc cells 1 and 5. Oct-4-positive cells were diffusely distributed in the crypts and the mesenchyma. Nestin-positive cells were all in the mesenchyma, none in the crypts.

降结肠黏膜中Musashi-1和TERT阳性细胞分别主要在距隐窝底部1~4个和1~5个细胞的位置，Oct-4阳性细胞散在分布在腺体内和黏膜间质，Nestin阳性细胞分布黏膜间质内，腺体内无表达。

The positive p38 MAPK cells in LPS injury groups increased obviously than those in the control groups (P.01), and were mainly distributed in infiltrative inflammatory cells, airway epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells and pleura mesepithelial cells.

LPS致伤组p38 MAPK阳性细胞较对照组明显增多(P.01)，主要分布于浸润的炎症细胞、气道上皮细胞、肺泡上皮细胞、胸膜间皮细胞和血管内皮细胞。

In this paper, the general situation of the overseas applications of micro fuel cells is introduced in detail. The feasibility of micro fuel cells fabrication using MEMS technology and characteristics of different types of MEMS-based micro fuel cells are briefly discussed. Combining with the critical components including the monopolar plate and membrane electrode assembly, the latest research progress of MEMS-based micro fuel cells are also summarized systematically. Finally, the existing problems and development trend are analyzed, and the urgent demand for developing MEMS-based micro fuel cells in our country is demonstrated.

本文详细介绍了国外微型燃料电池的应用概况，简要论述了将MEMS技术应用于微型燃料电池制作的可行性以及MEMS微型燃料电池的类型特点，并结合关键组件极板和膜电极，系统地总结了近几年来MEMS微型燃料电池的研究进展和成果，最后分析了目前存在的问题和发展趋势以及我国大力发展MEMS微型燃料电池的迫切需求。

In this paper, the general situation of the overseas applications of micro fuel cells is introduced in detail. The feasibility of micro fuel cells fabrication using MEMS technology and characteristics of different types of MEMS-based micro fuel cells are briefly discussed. Combining with the critical components including the monopolar plate and membrane electrode assembly, the latest research progress of MEMS-based micro fuel cells are also summarized systematically. Finally, the existing problems and development trend are analyzed, and the urgent demand for developing MEMS-based micro fuel cells in our country is demonstrated. Contents

本文详细介绍了国外微型燃料电池的应用概况，简要论述了将MEMS技术应用于微型燃料电池制作的可行性以及MEMS微型燃料电池的类型特点，并结合关键组件极板和膜电极，系统地总结了近几年来MEMS微型燃料电池的研究进展和成果，最后分析了目前存在的问题和发展趋势以及我国大力发展MEMS微型燃料电池的迫切需求。

Neuroectoderm; neural crest; neural plate; floor plate; neural tube; neuraxis; neurulation; neuroblasts; stem cells; differentiation; ontogeny; morphogenesis; histogenesis; organogenesis; synaptogenesis; gangliogenesis; embryogenesis; axonogenesis; retinogenesis; gliogenesis; glial progenitor cells; oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; retinal progenitor cells; nerve growth factor; neurotrophic factors; trophic factors; growth factors; neural tube defects; anencephaly; spina bifida; neuroblastoma cells; cell migration; neurogenesis; development; developmental stages

神经外胚层；神经脊；神经板；底板；神经管；轴索；神经胚形成；成神经细胞；干细胞；分化；个体发生；形态发生；组织发生；器官发生；突触发生；gangliogenesis；胚胎发生；axonogenesis；retinogenesis；gliogenesis；神经胶质祖细胞；少突神经胶质细胞祖细胞；视网膜祖细胞；神经生长因子；神经营养因子；营养因子；生长因素；神经管故障；无脑；脊柱裂；成神经细胞瘤细胞；细胞迁移；神经发生；发展；发展进程下一页末页共有 23 条记录，本页从第 1 到第 10 条。

Depositing cells were incubated in high-sugar DMEM culture medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 U/mL Streptomycin, then cells were seeded in a 25 T culture bottle after cell density was adjusted to 1×109 L-1, and incubated at 37 ℃, 0.05 volume fraction CO2 with saturated humidity. After 72 hours, the culture medium was replaced, and red blood cells and other nonadherent cells were removed. Cells began to passage at 70%-80% confluence.

实验方法：穿刺抽取15 mL脐带血，密度梯度法分离吸取分层界面的白色环形絮状物，其中富含单个核细胞，离心后沉积细胞用含15％胎牛血清、100 U/mL青霉素、100 U/mL链霉素的DMEM高糖培养基悬浮，调整细胞密度为1×109 L-1接种于25 T培养瓶内，放置在37 ℃、体积分数为0.05的CO2饱和湿度培养箱中培养，72 h后更换培养基，去除红细胞及其他未贴壁细胞，至70％~80％融合时传代。

Over the past 28 months, the induced pluripotent stem cells iPS cells, with characteristics identical to those of embryonic stem cells (ES cells directly in vitro reprogrammed from nonembryonic cells and tissues have captured great attentions in both scientific community and general public.

日本和美国研究小组先后用4种基因将小鼠(2006年8月)和人(2007年11～12月)的体细胞在体外重编程为诱导性多潜能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells，iPS cells)，此后在短短两年多时间内，iPS 细胞的研究和关注度呈爆炸式增长。

The stem cells may be induced to express at least one characteristic of human intervertebral disc cells, such as fibroblast cells, chondrocyte cells, or notochordal cells, by exposing them to agents and/or environments calculated to induce the desired differentiation.

可通过干细胞暴露于诱导所需分化的试剂和/或环境来诱导它们表达至少一种人椎间盘细胞，如成纤维细胞、软骨细胞或背索细胞的特征。

In this study, the ovarial cancer stem cells were successfully obtained through the suspension culture of the ovarian cancer 0VCAR3 cell line in serum-free media. The stem cells formed spherical colonies, called "ovarispheres", and showed anchorage-independent ability. Furthermore, the bionomics and morphology of the stem cells were observed, and the expression difference of the tumor stem cells marker-ABCG2 between ovarispheres and anchorage-dependent cells was identified by using RT-PCR and Immunocytochemistry methods.

本研究通过无血清悬浮培养人卵巢癌细胞系OVCAR3，获得具有非锚着依赖能力的肿瘤干细胞球，观察其生物学特性及形态学的变化，并采用半定量逆转录—聚合酶链反应及细胞免疫化学的方法鉴定肿瘤干细胞标志ABCG2在贴壁细胞及肿瘤干细胞球中的表达差异。

Results The hEFs were successfully isolated and cultivated from gonadal ridges and dorsal mesenteries of human embryos. They could be passaged beyond the 25th generation. The biologic characteristics of the cells did not change, even in high-passage cells or frozen-thawed cells. The cells expressed prolyl 4-hydroxylase β, but not cytokeratin-4, which was similar to the fibroblasts. The cultured cells expressed bFGF and LIF.

结果：从人胚胎生殖腺嵴和肠背系膜中成功地分离培养出hEFs，该细胞可传25代以上，且经过传代及冻存复苏后生物学特性无改变；hEFs表达脯氨酰4-羟化酶β亚单位，不表达细胞角蛋白4，确定其为成纤维细胞；该成纤维细胞表达bFGF和LIF。

I hope that this success is just the first in a long series.

我希望这只是成功的开始。

Three dimensional stresses on the interface of tire and soil, tire deflection and soil sinkage are measured.

测试轮胎——沙土界面上的三向应力、轮胎变形和沙土沉陷；建立考虑剪切应力对沙土承载特性产生影响的车轮牵引性能预测模型；分析车轮作用下土壤的纵向稳定性。