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Based on the properties of miniature PSA oxygen production and a linear driving force approximation, a mathematical model for PSA processes of a Special Miniature Oxygen Concentrator is developed in this paper. The boundary and initial conditions for the model are analyzed and determined, and the finite difference method is applied to solve the partial differential equations.

基于微型变压吸附氧氮分离过程的特点和线性推动力模型，建立了描述该过程的数学模型，给出了求解的边界条件和初始条件，采用有限差分法对模型进行了求解。

In order to ensure the consistency of the closed-loop system performances, before the AFC is applied, a supervisory controller is used to drive initial tracking errors to a preset closed area, and then the AFC can drive the tracking errors of the closed-loop system to pre-specified neighborhood in the presence of unknown approximation errors of the fuzzy logic system.

为保证系统性能的一致性，在启动自适应模糊控制器前，采用监督控制将初始跟踪误差镇定到给定范围。自适应模糊控制器可在存在模糊逻辑系统逼近误差的情况下，使系统跟踪误差小于预先给定的任意常数。

In this paper, Newton iteration formula for computing normal depth and critical depth was put forward by mathematical transformation of uniform flow equation and critical flow equation of circular section tunnel. Then, the relationship between the corresponding central angle and the introduced parameters was analyzed. An approximate formula for angle was obtained according to optimal uniform approximation principle. Using this approximate formula as initial value of iteration formula, a direct formula for calculating normal depth and critical depth of circular section tunnel was established after its first iterative.

该文通过对圆形断面均匀流方程与临界流方程的数学变换，分别得到其正常水深与临界水深的牛顿迭代公式，同时，通过对正常水深与临界水深对应的中心角与引入参数之间关系的分析及数值计算，利用最优一致逼近原理分别得到了正常水深与临界水深对应中心角的近似计算式，并以此近似计算式为初值，用迭代方程进行一次迭代得到了圆形断面均匀流水深与临界流水深的直接计算公式。

The given estimated values of variables in Newton method is a crucial problem for the final solutions, the solutions of the first order approximation of the Fourier series to land surface temperature were used to the input initial given values of the Newton numerical method.

在牛顿迭代解法中，很关键也很困难的一个问题是初始值的给定，本模型中牛顿迭代的初始值是傅立叶级数对地表温度一次逼近得到的结果。

For the better approximation of segmented regions, the Gram-Schmidt method, by which a group of orthogonal base functions is constructed from a group of linear independent initial functions, is adopted.

然后，为了有效的近似各分割区域图像，本文采用施密特正交化方法，从一组线性独立的初始函数构造一组正交基函数。

Acetaldehyde removal rate increased with increasing initial acetaldehyde concentration and initial pH value.

乙醛去除速度随乙醛初始浓度和pH值的增加而增加。

Using the adjoint operator of PW, nine sites'PWs are successfully assimilated into the initial condition and altered the initial temperature, water vapor and wind field. The change varies with variable fields and pressure levels.

本文利用开发的用于同化可降水量和天顶延迟的模式，成功地将9个站点的大气可降水量的分布及变化信息同化到初始场中，从而使初始场在湿度场、温度场和风场方面较同化前得到改变，这种改变在不同变量场、各个层次上变化的大小和形势是不相同的。

In this paper, the MM5 Adjoint Assimilation System is used to correct MM5's terrain error. The experimental results of amending different initial terrain data indicate that: the MM5 AAS is able to retrieve the terrain field, whose resolution is matched with one of the initial meteorological element field and therefore well coordinated with the MM5 model. Thus a new way about how to widely use the assimilation system is offered in this paper.

将伴随模式同化系统应用于修正模式地形误差，通过对不同初始地形的修正试验表明，MM5伴随模式同化系统能很好地对地形误差进行修正，能够反演出与初始气象要素场分辨率相匹配、与模式更协调的地形场，为伴随模式同化系统的广泛应用提供了一种新的思路。

Furthermore data assimilation experiments are conducted with MM5 Adjoint-model Assimilation System made by adjoint codes. With a case of heavy rainfall taking place from 00h July 23 to 00h July 24,2002, several numerical simulation experiments of different schemes are performed. The results are as follows. MM5 Adjoint-model Assimilation System not only can improve the initial field effectively and promote the coordination with the model but also can enhance the forecast on the precipitation and other elements. The assimilation of CDW has an improvement on quality of upper wind. The effect of direct numerical simulation with utilizing the CDW to amend the initial field gains the advantage over the one not.

结果表明，MM5伴随模式同化系统能有效改善初始场与模式的协调能力，提高模式对于降水场和其它要素场的预报；使用云导风资料修正初始场后直接模拟的效果比未使用时直接模拟的效果要好，对部分区域的强降水预报精度有一定程度的改善；使用伴随模式同化系统后，加入云导风资料的同化试验对其它要素的改善与直接同化常规资料的效果相比，改善优势不明显，但从各要素的误差来看，对于风场的改善最好。

The uniform design method is used to select initial points. The admissible domain, based on initial points obtained, is partitioned into finite sub-domains. A modified Hooke-Jeeves algorithm is proposed to each sub-domain.

以均匀设计方法选初始点，并依此把允许区域分解为有限多个子域，在每个子域上构造了改进的Hooke-Jeeves优化算法。

Pachomius manual labour was organized as an essential part of the monastic life; and since it is a principle of the monks as distinguished from the mendicants, that the body shall be self-supporting, external work of one sort or another has been an inevitable part of the life ever since.

根据圣pachomius体力劳动组织作为一个重要组成部分寺院生活；以来，这是一个原则的和尚，作为有别于乞丐，该机构应自支撑，对外工作的这种或那种已一个必然的一部分，生活至今。

In order to study the effects of parametrical rolling on the ship movement and tilts, in allusion to ship's navigating in regular following waves, the equation of ship rolling motion is transformed into normal Mathieu equation by proper variable replacement when strong parametrical excitation in restoring moment varied according to sine or cosine wave.

为研究参数横摇对船舶运动和倾覆的影响，通过对船在规则波上随浪航行时，恢复力矩中出现的1个以正余弦规律变化的强参数激励项进行适当的变量置换，将船舶的横摇运动方程转换成标准形式的Mathieu方程。