查询词典 inference

The most commonly-used methods to infer phylogenies include parsimony, maximum likelihood, and MCMC-based Bayesian inference.

最常用的推断系统树的方法包括简约法、最大似然法和基于MCMC的贝叶斯推理。

The algorithm of multi-objective fuzzy shoretest path and Pareto solution space are discussed, and a method based on fuzzy inference engine is presented to select multiple Pareto solution.

讨论了多目标模糊最短路径的算法与Pareto解空间问题，提出了基於模糊推理引擎选择多个Pareto解的策略。

The evolutionary relationships were investgated by comparing the results from molecular data alone or molecular data combined morphological characters using different analysis methods: maximum parsimony by PAUP(superscript *) 4.0 and Bayesian inference by MrBayes 3.0B4. Base composition and ti/tv of 28S rDNA D2 regions were analyzed by PAUP(superscript *) 4.0. The results showed that GC content of the 28S rDNA D2 gene sequences of subfamily Euphorinae ranges from 40.00% to 49.25%. Transversion frequency of sequence variable sites among species of Euphorinae was higher than that of transition. The subfamily Euphorinae was proved to be a paraphyletic group with close relationship to subfamilies Neoneurinae and Cenocoelinae; only two tribes, Meterorini and Microctonini, were proved to be monophyletic groups; Centistini, Cosmophorini, Euphorini and Dinocampini were paraphyletic groups; the basal position of tribe Meterorini within Euphorinae was partially supported by our phylogenetic trees, and tribe Microctonini was proved to be a group at the top of the trees.

结果表明：优茧蜂亚科的28S rDNA D2基因序列片段的GC%含量在40.00%~49.25%之间变动，而对于碱基替代情况来讲，优茧蜂亚科各个成员间序列变异位点上颠换大于转换；不同的分析和算法所产生的系统发育树都表明目前根据形态定义出的优茧蜂亚科Euphorinae不是一个单系群，而是一个与蚁茧蜂亚科Neoneurinae和高腹茧蜂亚科Cenocoelinae混杂在一起的并系群；在优茧蜂亚科内部，悬茧蜂族Meterorini和食甲茧蜂族Microctonini（排除猎户茧蜂属Orionis）为单系群，而宽鞘茧蜂族Centistini、大颚茧蜂族Cosmophorini、优茧蜂族Euphorini、瓢虫茧蜂族Dinocampini为并系群；悬茧蜂族Meterorini在优茧蜂亚科Euphorinae内位于基部位置的观点得到部分的支持，同时食甲茧蜂族Microctonini被判定为相对进化的类群。

In database security,an information loss effect arising from the use of perturb ation techniques in inference control.

数据库安全学中，由于在引用控制中使用扰动技术而带来的信息丢失。

There is a gap between what we can in principle be given in perception and any belief about the past. And because in principle we could never be given anything about the past directly, the gap is one that no justified a posteriori inference could bridge. For anything to which we could appeal in support of a hypothesis about the connection between the past and present will simply give us more information about the present. Thus, unless our conception of the past is a form of idealism analogous to phenomenalism regarding the external world, skepticism follows.

在'原则上我们在感知中被给予的'和'任何关于过去的信念'之间有一个gap，又因为在原则上我们不能被直接给予过去的东西，这个gap就没有一个后天『a posteriori』inference能架桥辩护，因为任何可诉诸以支持关于过去和当前的关联的假说的东西，也不过是给我们更多关于当前的信息，如此，除非我们对过去的概念是类似关于外在世界的现象论的这种观念论的一个形式，否则怀疑论就会得到。

The theory of perception says that all we can in principle (as a matter of conceptual necessity) perceive or be given directly are sense-data. The theory of meaning says that there is no a priori inference from sense-data to elements of the external world (as there would be, for example, if phenomenalism were true).

感知理论认为'所有在原则上（——作为概念上必要的东西）我们能感知或被直接给予的是感觉材料sense-data'，意义理论认为'从感觉材料到外在世界（——作为如果，例如，现象论为真就会如此的东西）没有一个先天『a priori』inference'。

According to the plane cross section assumption, configuration of a rod is expressed as a history of the cross section with arc coordinate. A special solution which stands for equilibrium in straight line state is obtained from differential equilibrium equation. Linear perturbation equation is derived and its general solution is obtained in which the integral constants are determined by constrained conditions at two ends of the rod. The condition of existence of non zero solution of the integral constants gives to the Greenhill formula of exact elastic rod model, which shows that the boundary of stable area is a closed curve and of symmetry, and inference of shearable and extensible to stability of the rod is depend on three factors: difference between flexibility of shear and extension of a section of the rod, bending stiffness and the length of the rod.

基于平面截面假定，弹性杆的位形表达为截面的弧坐标历程，根据平衡微分方程得到了两端受力螺旋作用时的直线平衡特解，导出了线性化扰动方程及其通解，积分常数根据两端铰支时的边界条件确定，并根据其存在非零解的条件得到弹性直杆精确模型的Greenhill公式，表明稳定域为一对称的封闭区域，拉/压和剪切对稳定性的影响取决于：拉/压柔度与剪切柔度之差，抗弯刚度和杆长这三个因素

Has ability to work with mathematical concepts such as probability and statistical inference, and fundamentals of plane and solid geometry and trigonometry.

能运用概率和统计理论的数学概念，以及平面几何，立体几何和三角。

Ability to work with mathematical concepts such as probability and statistical inference, and fundamentals of plane and solid geometry and trigonometry.

具有应用数学理念如概率和统计推论、平面、立体几何和三角法。

Carbon-14 through the ring inference and reference "polar glaciers source of water theory" on its equivalent billion years of age, and the 2004 Antarctic expedition of 3000 meters from the polar ice-class source of water similar to the water is clean functional effectiveness can not Bacteria, naturally full of "active" role in the trend of high-Tour-organic marine biological activity of the best deep water, natural "green" Need for Water, high value-added applications, will become the 21st century "Water for Life" the new mainstream !

通过碳14的年轮推断和参考《极地冰川源水理论》它相当于上亿年的年龄，与2004年南极科考抽取的3000米极地冰川级源水类似，其水功能功效能是洁净无菌，充满自然"活性"作用的游离子有机态势高生物活性的海洋深层水的极品，自然"绿色"之水极品，极高的应用附加价值，将成为21世纪"生命之水"的新主流！

Aquatic or marsh-growing fern allies; known to have existed since the Cenozoic; sometimes included in Lycopodiales.

生活于水中或湿地的蕨类；从新生代生存至今；有时归于石松目之中。

The engine was uprated from a 90hp Franklin to a 125hp Lycoming.

改良过的引擎是从90hp到125hp莱康明富兰克林。