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To establish a new method to isolate genomic regulatory sequence using unpurified nuclear extract, here a new strategy was developed based on modified whole genome PCR and electrophoresis mobility shift assay. The principle is as follows. After sonication and ligation with DNA linker, human genomic DNA is amplified and labeled with isotope by whole genome PCR.

为了建立一种利用未经纯化的细胞核粗提物就能从人基因组中快速、大量筛选DNA调节片段的新方法，本研究对原有的全基因组PCR技术进行改进，结合凝胶阻滞实验，建立了筛选DNA调节片段的新方法。

With Actinidia which is abundant in secondary metabolites of polysaccharide and polyphenol as materials, the extraction effect of different variety and method on the genomic DNA of Actinidia was compared with, and influence of the different part of tissue culture, antioxidant and the method of DNA purification on the yield of genomic DNA was studied.

方法］以富含多糖和多酚次生代谢产物的猕猴桃为材料，比较不同品种在不同方法下的基因组DNA抽提效果，并对不同材料部位、抗氧化剂以及DNA纯化方法等对基因组DNA的获得进行研究。

After thecomplete genome extraction of the strain was performed, the genomic DNA was partiallydigested by restriction enzyme Sau3AⅠ, the DNA fragments from 1 to 5Kb was clonedinto prokaryote expression vector pET-28a-c, and transformed host bacteria. The resultsshowed that we succeeded in constructing the gene expression library of haemophilusparasuis serovar 5, which is fundamental for the study of advanced gene screening. Inaddition, primer design was performed based on haemophilus influenzae in this study. In addition, PCR was performed by using genomic DNA of haemophilus parasuisserovar 5 as the template. The results demonstrated that we obtained two neo-gene:23SrRNA gene(conserved gene belonging to the large-subunit of ribosome) and adenylatecyclase gene(encodes adenylate cyclase and participates in converting adenyl nucleosidetriphosphate to cyclic adenosine3",5"-monophosphate). Furthermore, the phylogeneticanalyses between the species was performed, and neighbor-joining tree was constructedbased on comparison of 23S rRNA gene sequences, so it was illuminated betweenHaemophilus parasuis and other species in molecular evolution relationship.

选择我国流行优势菌株副猪嗜血杆菌血清5型地方株为研究对象，提取细菌基因组DNA，用限制性内切酶Sau3AⅠ对基因组DNA进行部分酶切，回收大小为1～5Kb的DNA片段，将其连接入原核表达载体pET-28a-c，最后转化宿主菌，结果成功地构建了基因表达文库，为后续的基因筛选工作奠定基础；另外，本研究选择嗜血杆菌属的流感嗜血杆菌为参考对象进行引物的设计，以副猪嗜血杆菌血清5型地方菌株的基因组DNA为模板，进行PCR扩增反应，结果表明成功地获得两个新基因：23S rRNA基因(存在于核糖体大亚基中的保守性基因)和腺苷酸环化酶基因(负责将腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸转变为环腺苷酸)，并进一步做了不同物种之间的分子系统发育分析，构建了基于23S rRNA基因的邻接法系统发育树，阐明了副猪嗜血杆菌与其它菌种的分子进化关系。

The methods of improved CTAB,rapid CTAB,improved SDS and improved low pH medium were used for genomic DNA isolation in Carya cathayensis.The results indicated that the method of improved SDS was the most suitable one for Carya cathayensis genomic DNA isolation and the DNA isolated can be used for PCR reaction.

以山核桃嫩叶为材料，对分别用经过改良的SDS法、改良的CTAB法、简易CTAB法及改良的高盐低pH法提取的基因组DNA进行检测比较，结果显示，改良的SDS法更适合于山核桃基因组DNA的提取，此方法提取的DNA能很好地用于PCR扩增。

Genomic DNA was successfully extracted from fresh leaves of Toona ciliata var. pubescens using CTAB method. Microsatellite DNA was isolated from genomic DNA with improved method of streptavitin beads.

利用改良的链亲和素磁珠法亲和捕捉出毛红椿基因组微卫星DNA片断，并构建了富含微卫星的基因组文库。

The barley chromosome in wheat was identified by genomic in situ hybridization in which biotin labelled total genomic DNA of barley betzes was used as probe and the unlabelled total DNA of common wheat Chinese Spring as blocking DNA. A series of wheat materials were tested as follows; two disomic alien substitution and monosomic alien addition lines, 2n=43; two monosomic alien substitution lines.

用生物素(Biotin-16-dUTP)标记的大麦Betzes基因组DNA作探针，以普通小麦中国春总DNA作封阻进行基因组原位杂交(Genome in situ hybridiz ation，简称GISH)，从13株小麦-大麦杂交后代中鉴定出2个含有3条大麦B etzes2H染色体的材料(2n=43)；2个2H单体异代换系(2n=42)；7个2H二体异代换系(2n=42)。

However, the museum C. heterodon specimens were preserved in formalin. It is necessary to approach the methods of effectively extracting the genomic DNA from formalin-fixed C. heterodon, and the feasibility of using the extracted DNA in microsatellite-and mitochondrial analyses. In the present paper, the genomic DNA of ten formalin-fixed C.

然而，过去的铜鱼标本都保存在福尔马林溶液中，有必要探讨从福尔马林固定的铜鱼标本中有效提取基因组DNA的方法以及这些DNA用于微卫星和线粒体分析的可行性。

The comparison between the GuHMGR1 genomic sequence with the cDNA of Pisum sativum showed that the genomic DNA contained two introns.The lengths of three exons were 1206 bp,181 bp and 943 bp,respectively.

GuHMGR1基因在DNA水平上由3个外显子和2个内含子组成；GuHMGR1的cDNA全长为2330bp，其中包括1518bp的开放阅读框、311bp的5'非翻译区和501bp的3'非翻译区。

In this study, the genomic structure and regulatory elements of ApoD from 10 representive species including protozoan, invertebrate, protochordate and vertebrate were analyzed and compared. The genomic structure of ApoD is less conserved in organisms from protostome to deuterostome invertebrates, while it is highly conserved among chordates including amphioxus and verebrates. All four conserved cysteine residues are present in amino acid sequence of deuterostome ApoDs, while there are only two cysteine residues in amino acid sequence of protostomes ApoD. Structure divergence between protostome and deuterostome ApoD proteins suggests their function difference. The majority of regulatory elements are present in nearly all organism ApoD genes ranging from unicellular protozoan to mammals, suggesting that ApoD plays a very fundamental role, and possesses a conserved regulatory mechanism. However, there also exist some specific regulatory elements, which are present only in certain species and may perform some special roles.ApoD mRNA expression in murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts exposed to various stresses such as as hydrogen peroxide and UV light shows dose-dependent increase. And a fly homolog of ApoD, Glial Lazarillo, whose overexpression results in increased resistance to hyperoxia as well as a extension of lifespan under normoxia and resistance to starvation without altering lipid or protein content.

本文首先从生物信息学角度对分属于原生动物、无脊椎动物、头索动物和脊椎动物类群的10种动物ApoD的基因结构及调控区的调控元件进行分析及比较，发现：(1)ApoD基因外显子-内含子结构从原生动物草履虫到原口动物再到后口动物海胆的进化过程中不保守，但在分析的几种脊椎动物中相当保守；(2)文昌鱼ApoD基因扮演从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物承上启下的角色，可能代表了脊椎动物ApoD基因原型；(3)四个半胱氨酸保守位点在后口动物中都存在，而在原口动物中只存在两个，原口、后口动物ApoD蛋白一级结构上的差异反映蛋白功能上可能也存在一定差别；(4)调控区大多数主要调控元件为不同动物共有，说明ApoD主要功能及其表达调控在进化中相当保守；(5)ApoD基因个别调控元件是随着物种进化而出现并开始发挥相关作用，如SF-1；还有一些调控元件在进化过程中还没有发现其规律，这说明ApoD某些功能和基因表达调控模式可能因物种不同而存在一定的差异。

Since genomic DNA of high quality is a crucial prerequisite for molecular ecology studies, we specially detected efficient protocols to isolate high-quality genomic DNA from ethanol-preserved Pseudaletia separata adults of several natural populations trapped by light traps in fields of different areas.

高质量的基因组DNA样品是分子生态学研究的先决条件。

Cable dampener cannot be rolled up but must be hung over the cable.

缆帆不能被卷起，必须保证处于展开状态

"This skylark is a present from my master," he says.

"这只云雀是我主人献上的礼物。"他说。