查询词典 first approximation

I.! y P,{7 v: R; O0 D INTRODUCTIONIn most of the previous studies like [1-3], the effect of SRS in DWDM fiber opticsystems has been treated under various assumptions like undepleted pump approximation, wavelength independent fiber loss coefficient, triangular approximation of Raman gainprofile, negligible loss of energy whenever a short wavelength photon is transformed into a long wavelength photon (i.e., l i / l k ~ 1), equal power loading in all the wavelength channels and equal channel spacing.

P _ W/ I 在以往的绝大多数研究中，如[1-3]，人们都认为， SRS 在 DWDM 光纤系统中的影响是在诸多假设，如未衰减泵近似值，波长依赖光纤损耗系数，喇曼增益表的三角近似值，当短波光子被转变为长波光子时(i.e。， l i / l k ~ 1可忽略不计的能量损耗，各波长通道均等的动力负载以及均等的信道的频率间隔。

Formally,the process is considered as fuzzed of the lower and upper approximation sets. Finally, an example shows that membership degrees more visualy and reasonably describe that objects belong to the lower and upper approximation of the set.

实例分析说明在不完备信息系统中，考察对象对于上、下近似的隶属度能更直观、合理地反应对象隶属于某一集合的上、下近似的情况。

Comparison of theoretical predictions with corre-sponding computer simulation data uncloses the superiority of the Rogers-Young approxima-tion over Hypemetted chain approximation and rescaled mean spherical approximation forfreezing.

理论预言与相应的计算机模拟数据的比较揭示了Rogers-Young近似比超网链近似与重标度平均球形近似精度高。

The method includes dividing a digital image, formed from M rows and N columns of pixels, into a plurality of band-shaped areas by partitioning at each of a prescribed number of rows; averaging, for each column, the gradation values of pixels in said band-shaped areas for each of said plurality of band-shaped areas; computing an approximation line which approximates, in each of said plurality of band-shaped areas, a distribution of said average of gradation values; and judging whether there exists a succession of d columns at which the difference between said gradation value derived from said approximation line and said average of gradation values for each column exceeds a prescribed threshold.

该方法包括：通过以规定行数为单位进行分割，将由M行N列个像素形成的数字图像划分为多个带状区域；对于所述多个带状区域的每一个，针对各列来对所述带状区域中的像素的浓淡值求平均；计算近似线，该近似线在所述多个带状区域的每一个中近似于所述浓淡值的平均值的分布；并且判断是否存在如下连续的d个列，在所述连续的d个列中，从所述近似线得到的所述浓淡值与针对各列的所述浓淡值的平均值之间的差值超出一指定阈值。

We describe the GW approximation which has turned out to be a fruitful approximation to the self-energy.

通过理论的推导和计算试验将表明GW方法能很好地近似求解自能。

A smooth approximation algorithm is then proposed based on hinge-finding algorithm via curved faces approximated to the hinging hyperplanes model, which can obtain a smooth approximation result and hold some good properties of hinge-finding algorithm such as simplicity and effectiveness.

本文对找链接算法做了两点改进，其一是扩充了链接超平面模型，在二维空间上弥补了链接超平面模型表示能力不足这一弱点。仿真实验显示使用扩充后的模型得到了更好的分片线性逼近结果。另一点改进是使用双曲光滑函数构造出了基于找链接算法的光滑逼近算法。理论分析证明了算法的可行性。仿真实验验证了理论分析。

The study of direct and inverse theorems on the approximation of linear operators to functions in normed linear spaces is an important subject in the approximation theory.

线性算子对赋范线性空间中函数逼近正逆定理的研究是逼近论中重要的研究课题之一，在理论和实际应用上都具有重要的意义。

Over the past few years, through our efforts, the Center created in the country the first 21, except for China Tianchen company issued the first national design industry certification, but also for the country's largest enterprises Daqing Petroleum Administration Bureau (28 million people ) overall authentication certificates for the micro-car factory in Tianjin issued the first national automobile industry certification for Harbin Central Mall has awarded the country's first commercial design activities Certification Services System for China's Guizhou Maotai liquor industry plant awarded the National section a Certificate for Tanggu saltworks awarded the first Certificate of homemade salt, Tianjin of China Railway Materials Company issued the first material system, the National Certification for Tianjin CSCSE awarded the first national certification agency certificate, for Qingdao Branch Qingdao railway station railway industry presented the first certificate for the China Telecom Group Tianjin Telecom awarded the first Certificate telecommunications industry and so on.

几年来，通过我们的努力，本中心在全国创造了二十一项第一，除为中国天辰公司颁发了全国第一张设计行业认证证书外还为全国最大企业大庆石油管理局（28万人）整体认证颁发证书，为天津微型汽车厂颁发全国第一张汽车行业认证证书，为哈尔滨中央商城颁发全国第一家有设计活动的商业服务系统认证证书，为中国贵州茅台酒厂颁发全国酒类行业第一张认证证书，为塘沽盐场颁发全国第一家制盐业的认证证书，为中国铁路物资天津公司颁发全国第一张物资系统认证证书，为天津市留学服务中心颁发全国第一张中介机构的认证证书，为青岛铁路分局青岛站颁发铁路行业第一张认证证书，为中国电信集团天津电信公司颁发第一张电信行业认证证书等等。

Through comparing the Ar (e,3e) double ionization experimental results at low collision energy with the theoretical calculation based on the first Born approximation which include the first order mechanisms SO and TS1, the symmetry breaking about the direction of the momentum transfer shows that the non-first order effects (such as two-step 2 mechanism) play an important role.

通过比较Ar在低碰撞能量下的(e ，3e)双电离实验结果和基于包含一次作用机制SO和TS1的一阶波恩近似的理论计算结果，表明在动量转移方向上对称性的破坏显示非一次效应(例如二型两步作用机制)起非常重要的作用。

Zhang Bing filter head from the filter and filter-the first component, the overall injection from its main features is the first filter for Taiwan hollow circular shape, the first by the filter at the top, strip-joints, vertical plate, horizontal plate, filter The first floor composed of horizontal and vertical plate plate symmetrical side of the first set in the filter, filter them by the side of the first formation of a number of strip-joints; par for the hollow tubular filter, filter and the filter rod first floor Phase grounding Department of thread, filter and the filter head-intracavity Intracavity the same, in the filter at a lower open air intake and intake slit, the filter is not closed at the bottom of the same with the outside world.

该长柄滤头由滤头和滤杆组成，整体注塑而成，其主要特点是滤头为中空圆台体形，由滤头顶部、条形孔缝、竖向导流板、横向导流板、滤头底板组成，竖向导流板和横向导流板对称设置在滤头侧面，并由它们在滤头侧面形成若干条形孔缝；滤杆为中空管状，滤杆上与滤头底板相接处有外螺纹，滤杆内腔与滤头内腔相通，滤杆中下部开有进气孔和进气缝，滤杆底部不封闭与外界相通。

Chimborazo and Cotopaxi, took me by the hand.

越过琴博腊索山和科托帕克西山。

This car is in a good condition.

这辆车的状况很好。