查询词典 expected payoff

In real option pricing, it is impractical to assume the present value of expected cash flow payoff as an exact number because it is a forecast one. Generally, the number is regarded as a triangular or trapezoidal fuzzy number to give its estimated interval values and the Black-Scholes (abbreviated as B-S) formula is used to price the real option.

针对实物期权定价中预期现金流收益的现值是个预测值，而采用精确值给出不太合理的问题，分析了三角模糊数或梯形模糊数给出它的区间估计值，并利用Black-Scholes公式为之定价的方法。

A new pricing approach to real option is thus proposed to transform the forecast intervals evaluated by experts into some normal fuzzy numbers with the lattice closeness degree introduced to construct weighted vectors. In this way the rationality of estimating the present value of expected cash flow payoff by using a normal fuzzy number is verified.

提出了将预期现金流收益现值的专家评估区间转化成正态模糊数并利用格贴近度构造权向量的一种新的实物期权定价方法，验证了利用正态模糊数估计现金流收益现值的合理性。

Through fine-tuning the unit-price combination, it could solve 2 problems that almost all contractors concern about during the tendering period: one is how to decrease the offer, and hence increase the winning probability with the expected payoff un-changed, while the other is how to invisibly raise the profit value when the offer keeps invariant.

它通过调整单价组合，能够解决承包商在实际投标时最为关心的，在预期利润不减少时如何降低报价，以提高中标率，以及在报价基本不变时，如何无形提高预期利润增值两种情况。

However, the payoff from that system isn't expected to start materializing until later this year.

但是，从该系统预计盈利不会一开始就实现，直到今年晚些时候。

When people immersed in the bulk commodity markets worried about the future of the time, the international mining giant Rio Tinto companies in 2009 on China's economic growth to make the expected rate, while expected to show that in 2009 China's economic growth rate will fall to 8%~ 9%, but is expected in 2009 will be a rebound in commodity markets.

当人们在沉浸大宗商品市场对未来担忧的时候，国际矿业巨头力拓公司在2009年对中国的经济增长来弥补预期利率，而预计显示，2009年中国经济增长率将下降到8％9％，但有望在2009年将成为商品市场的反弹。

Results: Normal university students got higher self-expectation scores of firmness, frankness, candidness and enterprise, lower scores of slovenliness, quietness and dressiness. Their gender partners were expected to be very allowable, firm, family-oriented, magnanimous and candid, not to be too slovenly, quiet and dressy. Male students were expected to be strong and enterprising, female being kind, quiet, dressy and lovingly. Students from cities got significantly（P＜0.05,P＜0.001＝higher self-expectation scores of kindness and dressiness than those from countryside. They expected their gender partner to be stronger, more cool-minded and enterprising significantly（P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001＝than students from countryside. Liberal arts majors had significantly self-expectation scores of magnanimity and family value（P＜0.05＝than those of science majors. Sophomore's self-expectation of firmness, frankness and braveness was significantly（P＜0.05＝higher than that of freshmen and junior.

结果：师范大学生对意志坚强、爽快、坦率、事业心的自我期望值较高，对不修边幅、文静和爱打扮的自我期望值较低，对异性在体谅、意志坚强、家庭性、有度量、坦率等方面的期望值较高，不修边幅、文静和爱打扮期望值较低；男女生均对男生的强壮和事业心，对女生的善良温柔、文静、爱打扮和可爱性有较高期望；城镇来源学生对善良温柔和爱打扮的自我角色期望显著地高于乡村来源学生（P＜0.05，P＜0.001＝，他们对异性在沉着、事业心和强壮上的期望也显著高于乡村来源学生（P＜0.05，P＜0.01，P＜0.001＝；文科学生对有量度和家庭性的自我期望显著高于理科学生（P＜0.05＝；大二学生对意志坚强、爽快和勇敢的自我期望高于大三和大一学生（P＜0.05）。

A standard expected value model for multi-objective multi-stage transmission planning is presented to realize the transmission optimal planning with the control of line overloading risks. In this model, a constraint of overloading risks is built with expected value and standard deviation of random line active power and two objectives are given as expected value of the average power loss and discount value of the investment cost. By modeling uncertain informations with probability theory, the probabilistic DC power flow is adopted for the correlated calculations among random variables in the planning model.4 A novel multi-objective transmission planning approach that considers transmission investment profit is proposed. Requests for transmission investment profit and social welfare are involved in the proposed planning approach.

以方案总投资费用贴现值和平均网损期望值为目标函数，建立多目标多阶段输电网规划的期望值模型，以线路有功潮流过负荷随机变量的期望值和标准差构建过负荷风险约束，考虑了风险发生概率和严重程度两方面的特征，通过对不确定性信息的概率建模，利用概率直流潮流进行各随机变量的相关计算，实现了控制过负荷风险条件下的输电网优化规划。4提出考虑输电投资收益的多目标输电网规划方法，综合考虑市场参与者对输电投资收益和社会总福利的要求加热管及其对输电网规划的影响。

3 In deciding how to use the resources he owns, each individual must be supposed to compare the expected returns (both pecuniary and nonpecuniary) from renting out his resources with the expected returns (again both pecuniary and nonpecuniary) from using them himself, and to select the method that yields the largest expected returns.

假设每个个人在决定如何使用他所拥有的资源时，一定会比较租出资源和自己使用资源的预期收益，然后选择产生最大预期收益的方法。

The behaviour models including family, enterprise, landowner and government are built. The behaviour of economic main body is formulized. The algorithms of expected indirect function of maximal expected utility on behalf of family, enterprise and landowner in daily life are proposed. The algorithms of maximal expected utility while family and enterprise location choice action are proposed.

建立了家庭、企业、土地所有者与政府的行为模型，将各主体的行为公式化，提出了日常生活中代表家庭、企业及土地所有者最大期望效用水平的期望间接效用函数的计算方法；家庭、企业在土地选择行为中的最大期望效用值即满足度函数的计算方法。

First index system for evaluation of electricity customers' credit is established. The index and the subjective experience value of valuators are given in the form of triangular fuzzy number. Then expected values were resulted by fuzzy decision making method based on expected value. Finally, structure risk minimization principle modifies the expected values.

建立了电力客户信用评价指标体系，并以三角模糊数的形式给出指标值和评价者的主观经验值，利用模糊期望值决策法得到信用期望值，最后通过SVM基于结构风险最小化原则修正该期望值。

The second is to cut a mere 100 calories from your diet , which is the equivalent of a tablespoon of butter.

第二个就是从你的饮食中减少一百卡路里，只是相当于一大汤匙的黄油。

This is where the Rorschach test comes in.

现在，罗氏测试就出现了。