查询词典 empirical distribution function

It is shown by analyzing large test data that the empirical formula presented in the paper has higher linearly dependent coefficient, lower average relative error and relative standard deviation compared with the traditional empirical formula of orthoscopic and power function.

试验数据表明，本文提出的经验公式比传统的直线式和幂函数式经验公式的线性相关系数更高，且平均相对误差和相对标准差都低。

Four classes of partition models , empirical models , functional equilibrium models , optimal control models , and source-sink models were reviewed in this paper. The empirical models were widely used with minimal mechanistic assumptions. The function equilibrium models were successful in the simulation of the rootPcanopy ratio at the periods of the vegetative growth , but were poor to simulate portioning among other organs. The optimal control models were suitable for the modeling under the equilibrium state. The source2sink models were the most powerful and mechanistically based models capable of simulating dynamic photoassimilates partitioning between any organs of the plants.

对于同化物分配模型按照经验模型，目的性模型，源汇关系模型进行了总结归纳，分析指出：经验性模型应用最多但机理性差；功能平衡模型在模拟营养生长阶段同化物在条与根之间的分配很成功，但应用于其它器官之间很困难；最优化模型适于模拟平衡态下同化物的分配；源汇关系模型机理性最强，可模拟任何器官间的同化物分配，应用范围最广泛。

In this dissertation, many works have been done on the basis of the summarization of the merits of all kinds of meshless methods after a large number of relevant references are read and studied. The basic ideas, principles of meshless methods and their development in the recent years are introduced synoptically. Applications of Element-free Galerkin method in elastic foundation plate are studied deeply and some useful conclusions are obtained as follows:(1) Comparisons between numerical solutions and analytical solutions for several different styles of weight functions, including Gaussian weight function, spline weight function and singular weight function etc, are performed. The results show that Gaussian weight function is the best one.(2) Ranges of relevant parameters for Gaussian weight function are given.(3) Influences of nodal distribution schemes and the number of Gaussian integrated dots on computational results are discussed.

在本文中，作者在认真阅读和研究所搜集到的大量参考文献、综合各种无网格法优点的基础上，首先，对无网格法的基本思想、基本原理、发展现状作了概括性的介绍；其次，对无单元Galerkin法在弹性地基板计算中的应用进行了较为深入的探讨：(1)分别对高斯型、样条型、奇异型等不同形式的权函数进行比较分析，数值计算结果与级数解析解的比较表明，高斯型权函数效果较好：(2)对高斯型权函数进行参数研究，得到地基板计算中相关参数的选取范围；(3)对不同节点分布方案和不同高斯积分对计算结果的影响等作了有益的讨论。

The major findings include:(1) By using fuel as the base indicator of relative efficiency, we found the following input factors' distribution inefficiency for domestic airlines: The distribution inefficiency of labor and capital input factors differs from airline to airline, and is becoming more severe with time; the distribution inefficiency of other factors does not differ very much among airlines but varies with time. It is inefficient from 1989 to 1995 but becomes more efficient during 1996 to 1997;(2) Airline companies have higher economies of density before 1996, but tend to show a constant return to density in 1997 when considering allocative distortions. The technical efficiency of input factors as a whole has declined after the open-air policy;(3) The costs of airlines are increasing significantly due to their distribution inefficiencies;(4) The instrument variable generated through a quasi price function does not have significant influence on cost; this may imply that airline companies in this time period did not exhibit the phenomena of high-quality high-price.

其主要结论如下：(1)藉由相对燃油分配效率探讨各投入要素之分配扭曲情形发现：劳动和因定投入要素之分配无效率因公司别而有所不同，且随时间而严重，唯民国86年稍有改善；其他要素之分配无效率则较不因公司别而有所不同，但亦随时间发生变化，初期为无效率，在民国85、86年则较具效率；(2)若考虑分配扭曲情形下，国内航空业在民国85年之前具有较高之密度经济，民国86年则趋向固定密度报酬；此整体投入要素之技术效率而官，在天空开放政策后其技术效率随时间变化而下降，但就燃油投入要素平均技术进步率而言，则其技术效率逐年增加且幅度明显；(3)航空公司因分配无效率所造成成本增加的情形相当明显；(4)准价格工具变数对成本之影响并不明显，此可能反映在此期间国内航空公司似乎并未趋向於高品质高价格之现象。

Compared with the discrete distribution, we defined a comparison function for continuous distribution, and pointed out the relationship between the discrete distribution and continuous distribution.

仿照离散分布，定义了连续分布的比较函数，并沟通了离散和连续分布的伴随关系。

Orientation Distribution Function reflects statistical distribution of crystals orientation in polycrystal in macrostructure. It breaks through limitation that the Pole-figure method, the inverse pole figure method which represent polycrystalline orientation distribution use one or two dimension graph and establish a three dimension space to describe the polycrystalline orientation distribution.

取向分布函数从宏观整体上反映了多晶体各晶粒取向的统计分布，它突破了传统的极图法、反极图法用一维或二维图形来描述晶体的空间取向分布的局限性，可实现晶体取向分布的三维空间描述。

And then studies on the relevant theories of distribution centers to let everyone know comprehensively, including the concept of logistics and distribution, the concept and development process of distribution center, the classification and function of distribution center, as well as its role. Lately it gives detailed description on the relevant theories of location selection, including the principle and influencing factors of location selection, as well as the steps and general methods of location selection. Finally the paper sums up several methods commonly used at present.

更多配送的概念、配送中心的概念及发展过程、配送中心的分类、功能及其作用；然后研究了配送中心选址的相关理论，包括配送中心的选址原则、影响因素、选址步骤以及配送中心选址的一般方法等部分；最后总结了目前几种常用的选址方法，并在这些理论的基础上，建立了非线性混合0-1规划类型的多配送中心选址模型。

We use the approximate distribution comes from probability generating function of CreditRisk+ to value the CDO under the single sector factor and multi-sector factors scenarios. For single sector factor model, we discuss the sensitive analysis of CDO fair spread by different default probability, default correlation and loss given default. For multi-sector factors model, we exam the CDO fair spread based on different sector correlation assumption, such as Gamma distribution in moment match method, multivariate Gamma distribution and compound Gamma distribution.

本文在信用风险加成模型之下，利用机率产生函数的近似分配评价抵押债务债券，并考虑单一部门因子与多个部门因子，单一部门因子中，在不同违约机率、违约相关系数和违约损失率下，探讨抵押债务债券公平价差之敏感度分析；多个部门因子中，在不同相关性部门因子分配假设下，如动差配适法的伽玛分配、多维伽玛分配、复合伽玛分配，探讨抵押债务债券公平价差之方法结果比较。

Empirical distribution function ; mean of residual life function ; esti mation minimum distance ; estimation minimum chi-square

经验分布函数；剩余期望函数；最小距离估计；卡-方估计

The results show that both the incidence and prevalence rates are increasing over 1996 to 2003; the incidence rate, prevalence rate, survival function, mean onset age, and mean remaining life after onset of females are all larger than those of males. In addition, females are less biologically aged than males at the same chronological age by 1.3279 years in terms of the empirical distribution function of onset age.

研究结果显示，首发率和盛行率皆有逐年上升的趋势，而女性患者之首发率、盛行率、存活机率、首发后之平均余命皆高於男性；此外，若单纯以男、女性患者之首发年龄而论，其经验机率密度函数显示：男性患者之生理年龄比同年龄的女性患者早衰1.3279岁。

If you were not , and OS X just booted normally, have no fear.

如果你没有，和OS X刚刚启动通常，没有恐惧。

I only want to preserve our all .

我只想保存好我们的一切