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It has been found that the cation exchange on diffusivity may play the role in different ways for different zeolites. When the diameter of the diffusant molecule is much smaller than the pore or cage size of the zeolite, the influence of exchanged cations is mainly by way of altering the electric field intensity (or the density of electric charge), the large the Z/r of the exchanged cations, the smaller the diffusivity; while the diameter of the molecule is apporsi- mately equal to the pore or channel size of the zeolite, the exchanged cations may affect the diffusivity by means of blocking up or narrowing the channels of the zeolite.

金属阳离子交换对扩散的影响表现为：当扩散分子的直径比分子筛孔道直径小得多时，交换阳离子以改变分子筛内部电场强度或电荷密度的方式影响扩散速度，阳离子的Z/r越大，扩散系数越小；当扩散分子直径与分子筛孔道直径相近时，交换阳离子则因堵塞或窄化孔道而改变分子的扩散速度。

Parameters including hair length, diameter, medullar diameter and medullar index of winter hairs were larger than that of summer hairs.

对毛的结构多态性和功能多样性研究是国际毛发形态学研究中的前沿领域（Yalden，1985；Gaudette，1985；syred，1991；甘雅玲和郭中伟，2003；张伟和徐艳春，2003）。

Seven morphological parameters of hair were observed on the lanugo of a roe deer fetus 10 to 15 days before birth by linear eyepiece micrometer and optical microscope, which include hair density, hair length, medulla length, hair diameter, medulla diameter, scale pattern, and medullar pattern. Results indicate that the development of lanugo expresses temporal and spatial sequence, namely, hair occurs from head to tail.

利用线性目微尺和光学显微镜测量比较了距出生还有10~15d的狍颈部、背部、腹部、臀部、后肢上部的胎毛密度、毛长度、髓质长度、毛细度、髓质细度，并对鳞片和髓质形态进行了观察，发现狍胎毛的发生具有时间和空间上的顺序性，即毛的发生从头颈部向体后扩展。

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The density and size frequency distribution of sciatic nerve medullated fibers, as well as the number, the maximum diameter and the mean diameter of medullated fibers in two group of 0la rats and 6J rats.

主要观察指标：两组中O1a鼠和6J鼠坐骨神经的有髓纤维密度、有髓纤维数目、有髓纤维最大直径、有髓纤维平均直径。

The result showed that except for transverse diameter, metaxenia effects on fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit shape index, fruit weight, flesh recovery rate, total soluble solids, contents of sugars, acid and Vitamin c in juice, and contents of anthocyanins and chlorophyll in peel were significant based on Duncan's multiple range tests.

结果表明，除果实横径外，在纵径、果形指数、单果质量、可食率、可溶性固形物、总糖、酸、维生素C、果皮花青苷、叶绿素含量等方面花粉直感表现明显，经邓肯氏多重比较测验，差异达显著水平；桂味荔枝自交授粉果在果形指数、总糖含量方面与其它品种授粉果差异不显著。

In the past decades, the precipitation behavior of transitional metals or their effects on electrical properties in monocrystalline silicon with small diameter have been exhaustively investigated, while the precipitation behavior of transitional metals in large-diameter Cz silicon or cast multicrystalline silicon are still poorly understood.

在过去的几十年中，虽然对小直径单晶硅中过渡族金属沉淀规律及其对材料的电学性质做了大量的研究，但是很少人研究大直径单晶硅以及铸造多晶硅中这些过渡族金属的沉淀规律。

The CT values of the ureteral calculuses less than 7.5mm in diameter were beyond 83HU.The detection rate by CT was 96.3%.In all the 82 cases,ureteral with calculuses were found dilated and 69 cases with nephrohydrosis.In 13 cases with no nephrohydrosis,caculuses less than 3.8 mm in diameter were found.

结果 输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有特征性的CT表现，即圆形或枣核状钙化高密度影，结石直径＜7.5mm，CT值≥83HU，CT确诊率96.3%。82例均发现病侧输尿管增粗，69例发现病侧肾盂少量积水，肾盂未见积水的输尿管膀胱入口处结石13例，其结石直径＜3.8mm。

objective to study the ct diagnosis of ureteral calculus at the distal end of ureter.methods 82 cases of ureteral caculus were examined by ct scanning.all cases were proved by clinical therapeutic results.results ureteral calculuses were showed as high density image in ct scanning.the ct values of the ureteral calculuses less than 7.5mm in diameter were beyond 83hu.the detection rate by ct was 96.3%.in all the 82 cases,ureteral with calculuses were found dilated and 69 cases with nephrohydrosis.in 13 cases with no nephrohydrosis,caculuses less than 3.8 mm in diameter were found.conclusion ct is the most valuable way to diagnose ureteral calculus at the lower end of ureter.appropriate methods of ct scanning are essential.

目的 回顾性分析输尿管膀胱入口处结石的ct诊断结果，评价其ct检查的临床应用价值。方法分析82例输尿管膀胱入口处结石的ct检查结果，所有病例均经尿道排石证实。结果输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有特征性的ct表现，即圆形或枣核状钙化高密度影，结石直径＜7.5mm，ct值≥83hu，ct确诊率96.3%。82例均发现病侧输尿管增粗，69例发现病侧肾盂少量积水，肾盂未见积水的输尿管膀胱入口处结石13例，其结石直径＜3.8mm。结论 ct检查输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有准确、无创、直观等优点，是诊断输尿管膀胱入口处结石不可替代的检查方法。

Male and female use mouth and tail to clear away dense vegetation to make donut-shaped floating nest about 11.8 in (30 cm) in diameter, into which the translucent yellow nonadhesive eggs (about 0.06 in/0.15 cm in diameter) are placed.

男、 女使用口和尾清除要同心圆形状浮嵌套约 11.8 中（30 厘米）的密集植被直径，透明黄色 nonadhesive 蛋（约直径的 0.06 0.15 ／厘米）放到其中。

Using silicon and metallic iron,α-Si_3N_4 olivary microparticles with a diameter of about 300～500 nm have been obtained at 650℃.When silicon and metallic aluminium were used to react with ammonium chloride,α-Si_3N_4 nanowire bundles with diameter of about 8 nm can be also obtained at 600℃.Since all of the starting materials used are relatively cheap,the methods will have potential prospect in industrial application.3.Graphite-like carbon nitride nanowire bundles with diameters of 200-500 nm were synthesized from the solid state thermolysis of melamine at relatively low temperature(400℃).

相关研究工作的成果发表在International journal of applied ceramicstechnology.2、以廉价的硅铁合金和氯化铵为原料，在600℃合成了α相的氮化硅纳米线束，单根纳米线直径8 nm，长达800 nm，考察了反应温度和反应时间对产物纯度和形貌的影响；以硅粉和铁粉为原料合成了纯度良好，直径为150～500 nm的α-Si_3N_4亚微粒子；以硅粉和铝粉为原料在400-600℃合成了直径为10 nm左右的α相氮化硅纳米线束。

There had been a moment during the breakfast meeting, though, after the backslapping and the small talk and when all of us were seated, with Vice President Cheney eating his eggs Benedict impassively and Karl Rove at the far end of the table discreetly checking his BlackBerry, that I witnessed a different side of the man.

那次早餐会期间，在表示过关心和寒暄以后，我们所有人坐了下来，我注意观察了一下，副总统切尼面无表情地吃着班尼迪克蛋（Eggs benedict，源自美国，以英式松饼、火腿、水煮蛋以及荷兰酱组合而成），卡尔。罗夫在餐桌的远端谨慎地经常查看他的黑莓手机，我目睹了他所不为人知的一面。

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