查询词典 copyright

Intellectual property - In relation to copyright, the first owner of any copyright in a work is the author, subject to if a copyright work is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer is the first owner, subject to any agreement to the contrary; if a copyright work is made on the commission of a person, and there is an agreement to whom the copyright belongs, copyright belongs to the person who is entitled under the agreement.

知识产权-就版权而言，作品的作者是该作品的任何版权的第一拥有人，但下列情况例外凡版权作品是由雇员在受雇工作期间制作的，则除任何协议有相反的规定外；该雇员的雇主是该作品的版权的第一拥有人；凡作品是某人委托制作的，而作者与委托人之间订有就版权的享有权作出明确的规定的协议，则委托作品的版权属于根据该协议享有版权的人。

The articles guided by the copyright theories and the traditional infringement theories and its main clue is the determination and preclusion of network infringement. The author sets out from the present conditions of the copyright infringement in our country, draws some successful experience from abroad, goes on making a complete and systematical study on some basic theories of network copyright infringement, including some specific steps: such as the standard of establishing the copyright infringement on net, concrete manifestation, the doctrine of liability fixation, the exception of the principles and the precautionary measures and remedy for copyright infringement.

本文以传统侵权理论和版权理论为指导，以因特网上版权侵权的认定到制裁为主线，从我国因特网上版权侵权的现状出发，借鉴国外成功的经验，对网络版权侵权的一些基本理论问题进行了较为全面、系统地探讨，具体包括网络版权侵权的认定标准、具体表现形式、归责原则、侵权的例外情况及防止侵权发生的预防措施和侵权发生后的制裁措施。

From Chapter Four to Chapter Seven, taking early England as the beginning, then focusing on the United States as well as the trend of internationalization of copyright protection, the author examines how the analog technology and digital technology force the expanding of copyright after the realization of the idea of copyright, including the style of right extending from reproduction right to public perform right and adaptation right, the succession and development of British institution and idea on copyright in the United States, and the process of expanding and change of the basic theories of copyright, the style of right as well as the kind of work driven by new technology like photography, phonograph, piano roll, motion picture, broadcast, radio, TV set, xerography, home video-recorder, computer, internet and so on.

第四章至第七章以早期英国为开端，过渡到以美国为重心，兼及版权保护的国际化趋势。该部分论述版权观念制度化以后，在模拟技术与数字技术的推动下的扩张过程，包括从复制权到表演权、改编权的延伸，美国对英国版权观念与制度的继受与发展，以及版权基本理论、权能体系、作品种类等在照相机、留声机、自动钢琴、电影、磁带录音机、无线电发射机、家用收音机、机械电视机、有线电视、静电复印机、家庭录像机、电子计算机、互联网等新技术的推动下的演变与扩张过程。

This paper mainly studies the issues about the copyright in electronic commerce, drawing on the basic theories and methods concerning about the research on copyright in network, and trying to connect with the characters of trade and service. This text comprises 4 parts:The first part disserts the relationship between electronic commerce and copyright protection. When digital products are traded online, more attention about copyright protection must be paid to them. And many works protected by the copyright law are suitable for electronic commerce.

本文借鉴网络环境下版权研究的基本理论与基本方法，试图结合电子商务的贸易与服务特性，对电子商务中的版权问题进行系统研究，全文共分为四个部分：第一部分论述电子商务与版权保护的关系，数字产品网上交易必须强调版权保护，而大多数受版权保护的作品适合于电子商务，电子商务的发展又对版权保护形成挑战。

Article 8 Copyright owners and the obligees related to copyright may authorize a collective management organization of copyright to exercise the copyright or the rights related to copyright.

第八条 著作权人和与著作权有关的权利人可以授权著作权集体管理组织行使著作权或者与著作权有关的权利。

The article takes balancing all quarter copyright benefit as discussion entrance, analyses the questions of copyright benefit management, and proposes strategies to constructing benefit management mechanism of the digital copyright public interests management and the copyrighter's interests. in the end, the author thinks we should construct a kind of digital copyright benefit management mechanism which regards policy as a guide, takes the law as criterion, regards protection as the means, and takes utilization as goal, based on interests equilibrium. the management mechanism will stimulate creation, maintain interests fair, advance resources utilization, and promote culture art thriving.

文章以平衡各方利益为切入点，在分析当前数字版权利益管理中存在的问题的基础上，从数字版权的公众利益管理和数字版权人利益管理两方面入手，详细分析了各自管理机制构建策略，认为数字版权领域里应该构建一种以政策为先导、以法律为准绳、以利益平衡为基础、以合理保护为手段、以利用为目标的刺激创作、维护公平、推进共享、促进文化科学艺术繁荣的公众利益与私人利益和平共处的管理机制。

The article takes balancing all quarter copyright benefit as discussion entrance, analyses the questions of copyright benefit management, and proposes strategies to constructing benefit management mechanism of the digital copyright public interests management and the copyrighter抯 interests. In the end, the author thinks we should construct a kind of digital copyright benefit management mechanism which regards policy as a guide, takes the law as criterion, regards protection as the means, and takes utilization as goal, based on interests equilibrium. The management mechanism will stimulate creation, maintain interests fair, advance resources utilization, and promote culture art thriving.

文章以平衡各方利益为切入点，在分析当前数字版权利益管理中存在的问题的基础上，从数字版权的公众利益管理和数字版权人利益管理两方面入手，详细分析了各自管理机制构建策略，认为数字版权领域里应该构建一种以政策为先导、以法律为准绳、以利益平衡为基础、以合理保护为手段、以利用为目标的刺激创作、维护公平、推进共享、促进文化科学艺术繁荣的公众利益与私人利益和平共处的管理机制。

With the development of society, the number and types of copyright are growing, China's copyright laws for the protection with the implementation of the Copyright Law and the Penal Laws and regulations on copyright crime system to achieve a new level.

随着社会的发展，著作权的数量与类型都在不断增长，我国对于著作权的法律保护也随着著作权法的实施与修改以及刑法对著作权犯罪的规制而达到一个新的高度。

Therefore, depecage shall be adopted. The following rules are suggested: 1the existence, scope, duration and transferability of copyright and the unlawfulness in copyright infringement shall be governed by the law of the place where the works are effectively used. 2 Initial ownership of copyright works shall be governed by lex originis except works for fire, which should be governed by the laws that govern the employment contracts. 3 Contractual aspects of transfer of copyright through exploitation licenses or assignment should be governed by the laws chosen by the parties; in absence of choice, they shall be governed by the law of the country with which the contract is most closely connected (based on characteristic performance). 4 The legal consequences of the infringement shall be governed by the law expressly chosen by the parties; in absence of choice, it shall be governed by the law of common place of residence or main place of business; in absence of above common place, it shall be governed by the law of the country most closely connected.

因此，在具体的版权纠纷中，应当根据案件的性质做出具体的识别，相对应的，版权冲突规范也应当采用分割制的方法，现总结并建议采用下面的规范，即：1版权的客体、权利范围、保护期、可转让性和版权侵权行为构成依版权有效使用地法；2版权的初始归属依作品来源国法；但是雇佣作品的初始版权归属依调整雇佣合同的准据法；3版权的转让和许可合同适用依当事人选择的法，如果当事人没有选择，根据特征履行适用与当事人和合同有最密切联系的法；4版权的侵权责任问题应当依有关当事方明示选择的法律；如果当事人未做出选择，应当依据当事人共同的住所或者主要营业地法；如果没有当事人共同的住所或者主要营业地，应当依与当事人有最密切联系的法。

To obtain statutory copyright protection, materials must be published with the copyright notice, which takes the form of the word "copyright" or the abbreviation "copr.", or the symbol "c" followed by the name of the copyright owner.

要想获得成文法版权的保护，作品出版时必须有版权标志，其形式有单词&copyright&、缩写&copr&及附有版权人姓名的符号&c&。

I had a lovely dog named PiPi, he was one of my best friends.

我曾经有过一只小狗，它的名字叫皮皮，它很善良，它是我最忠实的朋友。

Newly ovulated mouse oocytes were cultured in the CZB medium supplemented with different concentrations of pyruvate before treated for activation or assayed for MPF activity.

我们猜测卵母细胞在不含丙酮酸的条件下老化的更快，并且卵丘细胞可能通过消耗不含葡萄糖的CZB中的丙酮酸从而促进卵母细胞老化。