查询词典 controlled pollination

Seven parents and twelve hybrids produced by hand-pollination in accordance with incomplete diallel cross model were included.

材料包括7个小麦亲本和由此按不完全双列杂交模式组配、人工去雄授粉产生的12个杂种组合。

Four varieties and five different groups (25-200 plants ) were used for 3 years in the research, and anemogamy and entomophilous pollination in nature was used as the check,and agronomical character, chromosomes and isoenzymes were studied.

连续3年，选用4个品种，设25～200株5种不同群体，采用人工授粉等5种授粉方法，以自然条件下风、虫自然传粉为对照。从农艺性状调查，染色体观察及同工酶分析方面进行研究。

In a compatible pollination, pollen germinates to extrude a tube that penetrates the stigma and grows extracellularly through the stylar tissues to ovules.

当花粉通过自交不亲合的筛选后，萌发的花粉管会穿透柱头并沿著花柱朝胚珠生长。

Temporally, rhizobium abundance in root and pericarp is obviously higher at pod-bearing stage than any other growth stage. Rhizobium abundance in various floral organs rapidly increases after pollination. During ovary-to-legume germinative process, rhizobium abundance in ovary wall and ovule increases logarithmically. Endogenous rhizobia are found in ovule only after fertilization, and rhizobium abundance in young seeds is higher than in fertilized ovule. This implies that endogenous rhizobia can be transported and colonized in early germinated seedlings.

在时间上，结荚期根、荚果皮内的根瘤菌数量明显高于其他时期；花内各器官在授粉后根瘤菌数量迅速增加；由子房向荚果发育的过程中，子房壁和胚珠内的根瘤菌数量随时间呈对数增长；胚珠在受精后即存在有内生根瘤菌，并且幼嫩种子内生根瘤菌数量远高于受精胚珠，证明内生根瘤菌能被转运并定殖在发育早期的种子中。

The cause of hindering the gynospore formation was short of boronin chestnut orchard,which led to the poor pollination and a decrease ofendogenous GA1/3, iPAs level and an increase of endogenous ABA level in ovary,which restrained the mother cell division of gynospore.The low level ofendogenous GA1/3,iPAs contents and the increase of endogenous ABA contentcaused a serious lack of reducing sugar,starch,protein and potassium in ovary,which led to a cease of young embryo development.

其中，大孢子形成过程的停滞是由于栗园B素缺乏，致使授粉不良和子房内源GA1/3、iPAS等含量下降，ABA含量上升，从而抑制大孢子母细胞分裂；幼胚发育停滞则是由于子房内源GA1/3、iPAS等生长类激素的上升启动受阻，继续处于低水平，ABA上升，使子房中还原糖、淀粉、蛋白质和K素积累受阻，造成营养严重缺乏。

The ecological values of dung beetles were reviewed, including dung transferring to underground, secondary seed dispersers, pollination, biological control, intermediate hosts of parasites, broadly applications, bionic and theory importance. The imminency and signification of dung beetles conservation were proposed.

文章系统介绍蜣螂的生态价值，包括转将运粪便到地下、对种子二次传播的作用、传粉作用、对有害生物的控制作用和寄生虫的中间宿主，以及广阔的开发应用前景、重要仿生学意义和重大理论意义；并进一步提出蜣螂保护的迫切性和重要意义。

As the pollen grains settle on the scales, many adhere to pollination drops, which exude from the micropylar canals at the open ends of the ovules.

作为在刻度上的花粉谷粒长椅，多数黏附在授粉下降，在 ovules 的开着结束从 micropylar 运河流出。

Firstly, an invasive species must be invasive enough in itself or has some biological distinction, such as quantitative and qualitative differences in the genome, or patterns of recombination. Secondly, to invade successfully, a new environment for an invasive species must be invasible, and this we may call the ecological basis of invasion. An invasive species may need to establish new interactions with other species, especially those mutualistic relations such as animal related pollination, seed dispersal by animals, mycorrhizal fungi, and symbioses between plants and nitrogen fixing bacteria.

首先从其自身来说，需要有足够的入侵性，这可以认为是入侵种的生物学基础，可能表现为具有多倍性、一定的遗传变异、杂合性或表型可塑性，以及不同的交配系统等；其次一个物种的入侵成功还取决于入侵生境的可入侵性，这可以认为是入侵种的生态学基础，而新的种间关系的形成，尤其是入侵种与其他种类的互惠共生关系的建成是关键。

According to the year with the best large-seed production, the reasons for empty seeds could be estimated as follows: Seed potential per cone calculated as 2 times the number of fertile ovuliferous scales was about 206 seeds. Percentages of seed losses resulting from pre-and post-pollination ovule abortion, prezygotic factors, embryo degeneration, and efficient seed were 33%, 27%, 39%, and%, respectively.

依据大粒种子产率最高的1年来估测空粒种子产生的因素，可以推估如下：依据每个可孕性鳞片所含2粒种子的鳞片数，潜力种子数约有206粒，再依此值算出受粉前后胚珠败育率、受精前败育率、胚败育率、及有效种子率分别为33%、27%、39%及%。

Plasmid DNA of pBILGC containing Chitinase and β-1, 3 - glucanase gene and fresh pollen of Papaver nudicaule were mixed in 11％ sucrose solution, then the pollen suspension were pollinated on stigmas of the Papaver nudicaule by artificial pollination.

以野罂粟开放花蕾为受体，以载有几丁质酶和β-1，3-葡聚糖酶基因双价植物表达载体pBLGC的质粒为供体，在11％浓度的蔗糖溶液中，加入花粉和含有目的基因的质粒DNA。得到药粉处理液。

It has to be computed by the host for the actual clock rate.

主控制器可以用来计算实际的时钟速率。

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