查询词典 challenged

The same for Aristotle, with most of his biological taxonomical theories lived even over 2000 years, some of them were not challenged until 150 years ago.

古埃及人已经能解决一些属于一次方程和最简单的二次方程的问题，还有一些关于等差数列、等比数列的初步知识。

A lion's life is never easy. On one occasion, the Topi males were challenged by two fit males from the Ridge Pridewho had strayed a long way from home perhaps looking to extend their territory into the highly prized marsh lands.

狮子们的生活是艰难的，一次Topi联盟受到了来自Ridge狮群的两头雄狮的挑战，他们已经走了很长的距离，大概是为了扩展自己的领地。

On one occasion, the Topi males were challenged by two fit males from the Ridge Pride who had strayed a long way from home perhaps looking to extend their territory into the highly prized marsh lands.

狮子们的生活是艰难的，一次Topi联盟受到了来自Ridge狮群的两头雄狮的挑战，他们已经走了很长的距离，大概是为了扩展自己的领地。

Reactive oxygen species causing DNA oxidative damage comes from two kinds of ways:one is from cellular normal physiological metabolism;the other is from outer environment.Redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Recombinant cells were evaluated in monitoring the changes in the redox state of living cells when challenged with toxicologically relevant metal ions NaAsO_2 or Pb(NO_3)_2 by measuring emission intensity at 510 nm with a Hitachi F6500 fluorescence spectrophotometer,roGFP expressed in yeast responded not only to typical membrane-permeant oxidants H_2O_2 and reductants DTT,but also to toxicological metal ion-induced intracellular redox changes in a dose-dependent manner.Moreover,exposure of yeast cells to NaAsO_2 or Pb(NO_3)_2 at concentrations that induced redox changes reported by roGFP caused up to 2～3 fold increases in DNA mutation frequency.This mutagenic effect was largely caused by oxidative stress since blocking the production of hydryl radicals with thiourea significantly reduced the mutation rate as well as delayed the cell death.

本文将对氧化还原状态变化敏感的绿色荧光蛋白roGFP1-R12，在酵母细胞中实现了多拷贝强表达；荧光扫描经强氧化剂H_2O_2和还原剂DTT以及环境中重金属NaAsO_2或Pb(NO_3)_2处理后的酵母细胞悬液，测定510 nm处的荧光发射强度结果显示，表达的绿色荧光蛋白对氧化还原水平敏感，且在510 nm处的荧光强度与一定的重金属浓度呈正相关，即roGFP1-R12在510nm处的荧光发射值随重金属浓度的增高而增强，从而说明重金属对细胞的毒性在一定程度上很可能是通过破坏细胞内的氧化还原平衡发生作用；同时通过该绿色荧光蛋白对胞内氧化还原状态变化的响应情况可以来实时检测环境中的重金属；遗传学的点突变频率及致死率实验数据表明，重金属能导致菌体的点突变频率和致死率升高，且活性氧的清除剂巯基脲能明显降低这种点突变和致死率，说明由重金属引发的这种点突变和致死效应在很大程度上是依赖于重金属对细胞诱导产生的氧化胁迫。

So long as I believe that I have a system of beliefs, I cannot reconfigure it so that it lacks a crucial belief challenged by the Cartesian skeptic—the transcendentally invulnerable belief that there is an independent world of enduring physical objects.

只要我相信我拥有一个信念系统，我就不能重构我的信念系统，以致其缺少被笛卡儿式怀疑论者所挑战的，但至关重要的信念，即the transcendentally invulnerable的关于独立世界的信念。

I explain to everyone I deal with—co-workers, children, friends—that I'm transitionally challenged and they should call me on my cell phone if I'm even a few minutes late.

对于每位和我相处的人--同事、孩子、朋友--我都会解释自己在&过渡&存在困难。万一我迟到几分钟，就打我的手机。

Oh, yes, we were challenged the moment we tunneled down from quantum leap.

哦，交过手。我们量子跃迁穿越隧孔时，被他们盘问了一下。

Alaska has anticipated that its statute will be challenged on the claim that it unconstitutionally attempts to regulate interstate commerce.

阿拉斯加曾预计章程将受到挑战就声称它违宪，试图规范州际商。

However, Dust Tracks on a Road by Hurston, a rediscovered preeminent black women writer, has challenged and broken the conventional paradigm and narrative modes of black women autobiography. In the text, Hurston constructs her "ideal self" and conceals her "real self" by unfixing her racial identify and gender.

然而，近年来被美国文学界重新发掘的黑人女作家赫斯顿的自传《路上的尘埃痕》，却打破了黑人女性自传揭示群体性自我的传统，通过消解&我&的种族身份、女性身份而构建了&纯我&，而其现实生活中&真我&却被作者以迂回式叙事策略而遮掩了。

These tactics all work because they challenged the logistics of the game-engine and took advantage of scenarios unimagined by the programmers.

之所以这类的阵型有些奇效是因为违反了游戏引擎的逻辑并利用了程序员们预先没有想到的设计漏洞。

A historical region of southwest France between the Pyrenees and the Garonne River. The duchy of Aquitaine was joined with France after the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to King Louis VII in1137, but its possession was disputed after her subsequent marriage to Henry II of England.

阿基坦法国西南部一个历史地区，位于比利牛斯山和加隆河之间，在1137年阿基坦的埃莉诺与国王路易斯七世结婚之后阿基坦公国加入法国，但当她再嫁英国亨利二世后，其归属权便受到争议

There are moments when I look at the smiling , happy faces of my expectant staff and wonder how they will cope when confronted by an outraged housemaster along with an unrepentant and recalcitrant bleached blond teenager in 18 years ' time .

有时候，我看着那些满怀期待的员工微笑，幸福的脸，想着当他们遇到一位愤怒的宿舍管理员和一位不知悔改，叛逆，而且将头发染成白色的18岁少年时，他们会如何处理。