查询词典 challenged

To evaluate the efficacy of the recombinant fowlpox virus vaccine against the heterotype IBV, the chickens were challenged with the homotype IBV LX4 strain and the heterotype IBV LTJ95I strain after three weeks post vaccination. Antibodies against IBV were detected in vaccinated chickens one week post inoculation. The CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood increased rapidly in all groups challenged with IBV, except for the vaccinated group challenged by heterotype strain and the low level of CD4+ T-lymphocytes remained until end of the experiment. In all the groups, a high level of CD8+ T-lymphocytes only was observed in the vaccinated group after challenging with IBVhomotype strain. The morbidity and the mortality of this group were 21.43 % and 0 %, respectively, which showed significant difference with other groups. In addition, the lesions of chickens and virus shedding were less in the vaccinated group challenged by IBV homotype strain comparing with other groups, but there was no difference for the average body weight of chickens in all groups.

结果显示，重组疫苗接种1周后，免疫鸡产生抗IBV的抗体；而且外周血中CD4+和CD8+ T淋巴细胞的含量略高于非免疫对照组；攻毒后，异源强毒株攻毒的免疫组CD4+ T淋巴细胞呈下降趋势，并且该组低水平CD4+的状态一直持续到试验结束，而其他组CD4+ T淋巴细胞均迅速上升，峰值达到14.5 %；同源强毒株攻毒的免疫组CD8+ T淋巴细胞呈高水平的表达，而其他组攻毒后均无明显变化；保护率结果显示，同源强毒株攻毒免疫组的发病率和死亡率为21.43 %和0 %，与其他各组相比均有显著差异；另外同源强毒株攻毒的免疫组病理损伤与异源强毒株攻毒的试验组相比明显减轻，其排毒时间和排毒量也均有所减少；强毒攻毒后所有试验组体重无显著差异。

The results of in situ hybridization showed that the gene of Mdde was expressed mainly in epidermis of the body wall and fat bodies, and no expression signal was detected in tracheae, intestine and musculature. The gene of Mdde in epidermis expressed both in challenged larva and no-challenged larva, whereas the gene of mdde in fat body expressed only in challenged larva.

原位杂交的结果表明：Mdde基因在家蝇幼虫体内主要表达于表皮和脂肪体，在气管、肠和肌肉组织中没有检测到Mdde基因的表达；表皮中Mdde基因在微生物刺激前后均有表达，而脂肪体中Mdde基因经微生物刺激后才表达，刺激前不表达。

In situ hybridization was used to localize IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNAs in abomasum of the negative control group, challenged control group, vaccinated-challenged group and vaccinated-unchallenged group goats immunized with rHco-GAL-f/m, and the numbers of cytokine mRNA(superscript +) cells in each group were also analyzed.

用rHco-GAL-f/m免疫山羊，通过原位杂交法对阴性对照组、攻虫对照组、免疫攻虫组和免疫不攻虫组山羊皱胃中白介素－1β(IL-1β)、白介素－2(IL-2)、白介素－4(IL-4)、白介素－6(IL-6)、干扰素－γ和肿瘤坏死因子－αmRNA转录进行定位，并对上述细胞因子阳性反应细胞数量进行分析。

It was worth to note that the HI titer of monovalent vaccine immunized group challenged with the same type reached the peak earlier than that challenged with different type virus, whereas there was no such difference among multivalent vaccine immunized groups. It suggested that NDV immunogenicity among epizootic isolates and vaccine strains were also variable in some extent.

单价免疫组鸡对相同基因型NDV 刺激产生的回忆反应要比对具有不同基因型NDV 刺激产生的时间要早，多价灭活苗免疫组对抗原刺激产生的回忆反应基本相同，说明不同流行株在抗原性上存在一定的差异。

But the difficulty is with regard to this preliminary admission, which if challenged -- as it is in fact challenged by Agnostics -- requires to be justified by recurring to the a posteriori argument, ie to the inference by way of causality from contingency to self-existence and thence by way of deduction to infinity.

但困难是，对於这一事件的初步入学，如果挑战-因为它实际上是在质疑不可知论-要求是合理的，由经常性到事后的说法，即以推理的方式，因果关系，从应急自决-生存和再透过扣减至无限远。

After twenty-one days, they were challenged by white spot syndrome virus. The mortalities of crawfishes after challenged with WSSV of the same dilutions were negatively correlated with the the dose of Ig-Guard, that is, along with the increase of the dose of Ig-Guard, their mortalities were decline; The LD50 of the immune group was higher than the control group, further more, along with the increase of the dose of Ig-Guard, the effectes were obvious.

注射相同稀释浓度的螯虾，其死亡率与添加Ig-Guard的剂量呈负相关，即添加Ig-Guard剂量越高，其死亡率越低；免疫组螯虾的半数致死剂量(LD50)高于对照组的半数致死剂量，而且其效果随着免疫剂量的增加而越来越明显。

Maybe those networks will become new tyrannies which will need to be challenged and subverted just as the mainstream commercial film industries are being challenged now.

也许这些网络会成为新的霸主，和现在的电影工业一样被作为主流商业化电影而受到挑战，质疑。

Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrationof Xipayiguyiy on P.gingivalis,P.intermedia and F.nucleatum was observed by agar dilution in vitro.Also,the effects of Xipayiguyinye on oral malodour challenged by cysteine was investigated on 10 volunteers in vivo.Results: It showed in this study the MIC of Xipayiguyiy for Pg and Fn was 1mg/mL,and for Pi was 0.5mg/mL.It was also found the Xipayiguyinye achieved significant effects on oral malodour challenged by cysteine.

采用琼脂稀释法，测定西帕依固龈液对牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Pg、中间普雷沃菌、具核梭杆菌的最低抑菌浓度；对10例志愿者采用自身前后对照试验，观察四种干预措施（无干预、清水、西帕依固龈液、口泰）对半胱氨酸激发性口臭的最大值水平、各时间点下降百分比及口气值的下降曲线的影响，评价西帕依固龈液防治口臭的效果。

dopamine and acetylcholine inhibited the expression of iNOS in primary glia challenged by LPS in different ways.

结论多巴胺和乙酰胆碱通过不同的方式抑制LPS刺激的原代胶质细胞iNOS的表达。

His wife is a little aesthetically challenged.

他的妻子不漂亮

Now he worked in ajoint venture.

现在他在一家合资企业工作。

More troops in Afghanistan won't change any of the foregoing.

更多的在阿富汗的军队也不会改变之前的状况。