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The results show that the active loss of heteropolyacid catalyst are mainly attributed to the reduction of surface area, coke formation, and reduction of acid strength during the long term of operation for isoamylene unit. The improvement aspects of the catalyst performance for the decomposition of TAME are proposed.

结果表明，在长周期运行中，催化剂比表面下降、结焦和酸性的损失是导致催化剂活性降低的主要原因，最后提出了TAME裂解催化剂的改进方向。

When the amount of SO(superscript 2- subscript 4)/ZrO2 catalyst was 7% of the mass of β-pinene, the yield of product was 62.0%, and the mass ratio of borneol to isoborneol in the product was 13.6:48.7. When the amount of S2O(superscript 2- subscript 8)/ZrO2 catalyst was 7% of the mass of β-pinene, the yield of product was 66.7%, the mass ratio of borneol to isoborneol in the product was 11.5:49.5. Both two catalysts were poor for borneol selectivity.

在上述反应条件下，当催化剂SO(上标 2-下标 4)/ZrO2用量为7%时（以β-蒎烯质量计，下同），粗龙脑产率为62.0%，产品中正、异龙脑比为13.6：48.7；当催化剂S2O(上标 2-下标 8)/ZrO2用量为7%时，粗龙脑产率为66.7%，正、异龙脑比为11.5：49.5；这两种催化剂对正龙脑选择性比较差。

The simple method of one step synthesis of isoamyl isovalerate from isovaleraldehyde under aluminum isoamyloxide catalyst and ZnCl\-2 co catalyst was studied.

在自制的异戊醇铝催化剂和无水氯化锌助催化剂作用下，以异戊醛为原料一步合成出异戊酸异戊酯。

Isoamyl isovalerate was synthesized through esterification reaction by using isovaleric acid and isoamyl alcohol as raw materials and nano-H4SiW12O40/SiO2 as catalyst, the influencing factors in the reaction were studied, and the results showed that the esterification rate could reach 98.6 % under the conditions of the ratio of alcohol-acid 1.4∶1, the use level of catalyst 5 %, and the reaction time 1.5 h.

以纳米复合钨硅杂多酸为催化剂，异戊酸和异戊醇为原料，通过酯化反应合成苹果油，对酯化反应的影响因素进行了研究，结果表明，在醇酸物质的量比为1.4∶1，催化剂用量5%，反应时间1.5h的条件下，酯化率可达98.6%。

The results show that the catalyst has high activity for hydrogenation of edible oils,the activity of Cu-Zn-Zr for hydrogenation of edible oils is equal that of the imported catalyst such as American DM-Ⅱ and Japonic SN.

研究结果表明，Cu-Zn-Zr催化剂对大豆油加氢具有很高的活性，该催化剂的催化活性已达到美国DM-Ⅱ和日本SN进口产品的水平。

Silicasulfuric acid was used as the catalyst for synthesis of Cyclohexanone 1, 2-propylene ketal from cyclohexanone and 1, 2-propylene glycol. The effect of catalyst dosage, molar ratio and reflux time to reaction were investigated.

以磺化硅胶为催化剂，以环己酮和1，2-丙二醇为原料合成环己酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮，考察了催化剂的用量、原料配比和回流时间对反应的影响。

H3PW6Mo6O40/TiO2 was used as the catalyst in the synthesis of cyclohexanone ethylene ketal. The effects of varying the n:n ratio, catalyst dosage and reaction time on the yield were investigated.

以H3PW6Mo6O40/TiO2为催化剂，对以环己酮与乙二醇为原料合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的反应条件进行了研究，较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间对收率的影响。

The optimum conditions are: molar ratio of glycol to cyclohexanone is 1.6:1, the quantity of catalyst is equal to 0.25% of feed stocks, and the reaction time is 40 mm. H3PW12O40/MCM-48 is an excellent catalyst for synthesizing cyclohexanone ethylene ketal and its yield can reach over 80.63%.

实验表明：H3PW12O40/MCM-48是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在n：n＝1：1.6，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.25%，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间40min的优化条件下，环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达80.63%。

The ketalization of cyclohexanone and 1,4-butanediol catalyzed by the Hβ zeolite was studied.Effects of reaction time,mole ratio of reactants and amount of catalyst on the yield of ketal were studied.Results showed that the Hβ zeolite was an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of ketal.

研究了Hβ分子筛催化1，4-丁二醇与环己酮的缩合生成新型七元环缩酮的反应，考察了反应时间、酮与醇的配比、催化剂用量、催化剂重复使用等因素对醛与醇缩合反应的影响。

The quantity of catalyst was equal to 0.6% of feedstocks,the reaction temperature was 78～110 ℃,and the reaction time was 45 min. The test results have shown thatH_4SiW_(12-O_(40)/MCM-48 is an excellent catalyst for synthesizing butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal with its yield reaching over 91.9%.

实验表明：H4SiW12O40/MCM-48是合成丁酮-1，2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在n∶n(1，2-丙二醇)=1∶1.6，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.6%，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间45 min的优化条件下，丁酮-1，2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达91.9%。

There are different types of personal loans available.

有许多不同类型的个人贷款优惠。

The above mentioned teaching model of spiral rising can be used to avoid rigidness in teaching.

上述螺旋式上升的教学模式，可以避免教学形成模式後的僵化现象。