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A,an=not ab,abs=away ad,a,ac,ad,af,al,an,ap,as,at=to;at ambi=both ana=up ante=before anti=against auto=self be=do bene=good cata=complete cent=hundred circum=around co,com,con=together contra=against de=down,off dec,deka=ten dia=across dis=apart duo,di,twi=two dys=bad en=make ento=inside epi=upon equi=equal eu=good ex,ec,e=out fore=ahead hetero=different holo=complete homo=same hyper=above hypo=below in,il,im,ir=inside;not infra=below inter,intel=between intra,intro=within iso=same macro=big mal=bad medi=middle mega=giant meta=change micro=small mis=wrongly mono=one multi,poly=many neo=new nona,ennea=nine ob,oc,of,op=toward oct=eight omni=all orth=straight pan=all para=beside per=through peri=around post=after pre,pri=before prin=first pro=forward quad,tetra=four quint,penta=five re=back retro=back se=apart semi,demi,hemi=half sept,hepta=seven sext,hexa=six solo=alone sub,suc,suf,sug,sum,sup,sur,sus=under super,sur=over supra=above syn,sym=same tele=far trans,tra=across tri,ter=three un,ne,non=not uni=one ultra=beyond

成年人学英文的第一课和第二课刊出后，有数位读者写E-mail给我。有一位说道：「一篇文章的每一个单字都查到解释了，但整篇文章就是看不懂，怎麼办？」另一位说：「我的文法很差，没办法写完整的英文句子，要如何补救？」当发音和字汇都掌握住学习要领之后，剩下的就是「读」和「写」了，这才符合学习英文的正确步骤：听→说→读→写。台湾传统的学习方式由「写」开始，再「读」，然后才「说」，最后再去补救「听」力，可以说是背道而行，难怪效果不彰。那麼学习「读」的要诀是什麼呢？当然最重要的是能够了解整个句子的涵义。记得初中的时候背了很多文法规则，考试的分数虽然很高，但是对「读」的能力没有帮助。连那个时候流行的「英语九百句型」，也从来没有耐心读完过。然而我们今天能够看懂中文的文章，难道是因为我们熟悉中文的文法吗？答案是否定的。同样地，一个美国人虽然能阅读报纸，但是要求他做「英文文法分析」，他可能也会傻眼。英文的句子其实不需要去靠文法书中的规则去了解，文法书只应当作参考书，在有疑惑的时候才去查阅。平常应养成「约定成俗」的习惯，就是看别人怎麼用，然后「依样画葫芦」，日积月累，文法规则就化为无形了。因此，要训练「读」的技巧，不应该是靠文法规则，而是要多读。但是在读之前，要具备「了解句子」的基本能力，这就是我们的第三课─了解英文句子的要诀。了解英文句子的关键，在於先抓住「主词」和「动词」。看到一句很长的英文句子，不要害怕：先找主词，再找动词。动词如果是「及物动词」，再去找「受词」。主词、动词、受词之外，剩下的通通当做修饰语，有的修饰主词，有的修饰动词，有的修饰受词，有的修饰全句；任何两个完整的句子都可以用连接词连接起来。以上简单几句话，就是了解英文句子的基本观念。了解英文句子的第二步是熟悉英语的五种基本句型，其中前两种与不及物动词有关，后三种与及物动词有关。以下的句子中，用大括号表示{主词}或{受词}，中括号表示，剩下的部份都是修饰语。第一种与不及物动词有关的基本句型叫做「简单不及物句型」（Intransitive Verb，简称I），请背住以下五个句子

The folklore about toilet seats and other kinds of nonsexual acquisition originated before we knew that HSV could be transmitted when a person had no symptoms, and before we knew that people could catch herpes then show no symptoms for a long time.

按：这种误解在国内很普遍，很多国内网站都认为生殖器疱疹可以通过性行为以外其他方式感染，是因为他们不清楚HSV可以无症状排毒，可以被感染后相当长的时期内没有症状，因此不能找到传染的原因，只能怀疑是通过其他方式传染。

The folklore about toilet seats and other kinds of nonsexual acquisition originated before we knew that HSV could be transmitted when aperson had no symptoms,and before we knew that people could catch herpes then show no symptoms for along time.

在我们知道HSV可以在患者没有任何症状时而传播给其他人之前，以及知道人们感染生殖器疱疹后可能一段时间内没有任何症状之前，就会经常误以为通过厕所坐垫以及其他性行为以外的方式可能会传染。

Lonists arrived, before Christopher Columbus, before the Northman who found America about year 1,000, Native Americans lived here.

从第2段第2句可知：很早以前，本土美国人就居住在这里。

In the next Place, I was at a great Loss for Candle; so that as soon as ever it was dark, which was generally by Seven-a-Clock, was oblig'd to go to Bed: I remembered the Lump of Bees-wax with which I made Candles in my African Adventure, but I had none of that now; the only Remedy had was, that when I had kill'd a Goat, sav'd the Tallow, and with a little Dish made of Clay, which I bak'd in the Sun, to which I added a Wick of some Oakum, I made me a Lamp; and this gave me Light, tho' not a clear steady Light like a Candle; in the Middle of all my Labours it happen'd, that rumaging my Things, I found a little Bag, which, as I hinted before, had been fill'd with Corn for the feeding of Poultry, not for this Voyage, but before, as I suppose, when nt my Wall.

其次，我无法制造蜡烛，所以一到天黑就只得上床睡觉。在这儿一般七点左右天就黑下来了。我记得我曾有过一大块蜜蜡，那是我从萨累的海盗船长手里逃到非洲沿岸的航程中做蜡烛用的，现在早已没有了。我唯一的补救办法是：每当我杀山羊时，把羊油留下来。我用泥土做成一个小盘子，经太阳暴晒成了一个小泥盘，然后把羊油放在泥盘里，再弄松麻绳后取下一些麻絮做灯心。这样总算做成了一盏灯，虽然光线没有蜡烛明亮和稳定，但也至少给了我一点光明。

The functional pit mud was used in liquor production. Four months production practice indicated that the average yield per pit increased by 75.48 kg than before for consecutive three months and quality product rate increased by 8.56 % than before. Besides, the application of funtional pit mud could improve pit mud flavor, strengthen ester aroma of pit mud, reduce the off-flavor of produced liquor, increase main flavoring compositions and the complex flavoring compositions in liquor, perfect liquor body, and enhance the purity and softness of the liquor.

将功能性人工窖泥应用生产，结果表明，投产4个月后，连续3个月每窖平均产量比用原窖泥配方多产酒75.48kg，优质品率比原窖泥配方提高8.56%；功能性窖泥还可改善窖泥风味，增强窖泥的酯香味，减少新窖产酒的邪杂味和泥臭味，增加新酒中的主体香及其复杂香味成分，改善了酒体风格，增强新产酒的绵柔度和纯净感。

There are a bunch of features in After Effects , some of which you may have never used before. This week, I'm going to take a look at an oldie, but goodie. This is an effect that you'll find in versions prior to the current version, but you might not have used before. So many people are looking for new features, without realizing the cool stuff that already exists in the application.

AE增加了许多新功能，有一些或许你以前从来都没有用过，这个礼拜，我们来看一看其中一个有很久历史，但是非常棒的效果，或许在前一个版本里面你已经可以发现他的身影，但是你或许从未尝试过，所以许多的人总是在找新功能，但却往往忽略已经存在于这个软件里的一些老的工具。

Original, the gentleman fizzles out before the Spring Festival in the road in Hefei the Yangtse River brand shop of a leather shoes bought a pair of famous brand leather shoes, when raining the day before yesterday unexpectedly, mr Huang detects however this pair of brand-new still leather shoes actually ooze water.

常说"春雨贵如油"，可一场春雨却让合肥某公司的黄先生徒生了许多烦恼。原来，春节前黄先生在合肥长江中路一家皮鞋专卖店买了一双名牌皮鞋，不料前天下雨时，黄先生却发觉这双还是崭新的皮鞋竟然渗水。

Before the Survey; and had sought work in the optometry profession during the 30 days before the Survey.

指 在统计调查期间并非在本港从事视光专业；在统计日前7 天内能够上班的视光师；及在统计日前30 天内正在找寻视光专业工作。

As compared with the tradition opening thorax operation, it's shorter than the before time of operation and being in hospital, the wound less than before, better economy, and direct exscinded pathological changes pleura below the orthoptic contemplation then delivered for the examining.

应用胸腔镜治疗血胸、胸腔积液疗效肯定，较传统开胸手术时间短，住院时间短，创伤小，经济，并能在直视下切取病变胸膜活检。

This matter overthrew all basises I learned from Sunday school .

这件事把我从周日学校学到的所有道理都颠覆了。

It's one of the cruel ironies of aging: if you want to remember your favorite restaurants, the less you should eat at them.

这是一个老化的残酷讽刺：如果你想记住你最喜欢的餐馆，你应该更少吃到它们。