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Aiming at the diversification of function system and homing modes in the development of submarine-launched torpedo, this paper analyses the advantages in operational application of wake homing torpedo based on its mechanism, such as stronger counter-countermeasure, higher speed, and higher target acquisition probability for selected target. It also analyses the limitations in tactics, such as limited attacking speed and the types of attackable targets, greater loss in torpedo range, difficult combination with wire-guidance, and inaccurate attack on moving targets.

针对国内外潜射鱼雷在功能体制和制导方式等技术环节多元化发展的局面，基于尾流自导鱼雷制导原理，分析了尾流自导鱼雷在作战使用上的技术优势：抗干扰能力强，适宜高速制，可选择攻击目标和捕获概率高；以及其战术局限性：可攻目标的类型及速度受限，鱼雷航程损失大，与线导结合困难，对机动目标攻击效果较差。

To better understand the roles of LsrA protein in nodulation, a series of analyses of nodules using scanning electron microscopy, genetic and biochemical approaches have been carried out. Our analyses suggest that the lsrA1 nodules contain bacteroids in the invasion and establishing zone only. The lsrA gene expression is active early in the invasion zone and activated later than bacA genes. The lost of LsrA protein dramatically reduced the expression of nifA and fixK, and completely blocked the expression of the nifH gene for nitrogenase. LsrA protein functions early in the bacteroid development and it is essential for the development nitrogen fixing bacteroids.

前期的工作中，苜蓿中华根瘤菌Rm1021中90个候选LysR基因已经被定向插入突变，并筛选在自生生长时期、共生生长时期的表型，以期寻找更多在自生状态或共生固氮中有功能的LysR转录因子。1 针对前期鉴定出的共生固氮必需的lsrA基因，我们应用了一系列扫描电子显微镜技术、生物化学、分子遗传学等方法，发现lsrA基因主要在根瘤侵染区开始表达，表达时序也在侵染阶段左右，但晚于bacA基因表达；LsrA蛋白缺失后根瘤固氮区中缺乏具有固氮能力的类菌体，nifA和fixK基因的转录水平降低，nifH基因的转录被完全阻断，因此LsrA蛋白为根瘤发育所必需，是新的根瘤发育信号传导途径成员。2 通过表型筛选我们鉴定了苜蓿中华根瘤菌的oxyR基因，并研究了它的调节特性。oxyR突变后，苜蓿中华根瘤菌对过氧化氢敏感性提高，适应性降低。

The impacts of material spatial variability were usually not considered in traditional slope stability analyses. However, most geotechnical materials are usually not uniform inside a slope. Thus, traditional ways of analyses were not very reasonable. On the other hand, most geological explorations used vertical borings. Horizontal and inclined borings were seldom performed unless required by the client.

摘要 传统边坡数值稳定性分析时，大多没有考虑到材料空间变异性之影响性，材料无论在理论上或是在实际边坡上很少边坡为均质材料，因此传统的边坡分析是种较为不合理的现象，而地质钻探时都是以垂直钻探为主，除试验需要外，极少以水平或倾销钻探作为设计之基础，这也与现地所需有关系，导致空间变异性资料难以取得必需以现地资料加上文献中提及的尺度变动作为分析依据。

So, upgrade of current business supporting system is very urgent. This dissertation firstly introduces the characteristic of 3G service, and analyses the 3G technology"s effect to support system. Then, we analyses China Unicom Anhui brach"s business support system. At last, the dissertation made the detail dissection and design to each key unit of business support system.

本文从3G的业务特点入手，分析了3G技术对支撑系统所产生的各种影响，结合目前安徽联通的业务支撑系统的现状分析，对业务支撑系统的各个重点单元综合计费营帐系统、CRM系统、经营分析系统、合作伙伴关系管理系统、综合结算系统、综合采集系统做了具体的分析和初步的设计。

Chapters Three and Four contain the analyses of the sample captions with themodified model. The analyses break into two groups: covert analysis in Chapter Threeand super-covert analysis in Chapter Four.

第三四章是本文的案例分析部分，根据案例隐含程度的不同，把它们分成了两组：第三章为隐含性分析；第四章为超隐含性分析。

By using the statistical data of 2005 urban cantonal non-agriculture population and its labor force structure from the Chinese urban year-books, with the start of basic urban economic activities, using the study on urban economic basis with the base of multivariate cities, this paper analyses the urban comprehensive functional classification of 18 cities in Henan Province, and classifies all cities into 6 groups, then analyses the urban functional system of Henan.

采用2005年城市市辖区非农业人口以及劳动力与就业人口的统计资料，以城市基本经济活动为出发点，在多变量聚类的基础上运用城市经济基础研究的方法，对河南省18个主要城市进行综合职能分类，共分出6个大类，然后进行简单的分析。

In order to quantitatively analyze the aseismatic performance of this kind of beam-column assemblies through whole loading history, the non-linear FE analyses of the cross beam-column specimens were carried out by ANSYS. Compared to the experimental results, the finite element analyses cast a further light upon the characteristics of this beam-column assembly while being subject to cyclic reverse loading.

为了能对这种细晶钢筋增强混凝土结构的抗震性能有较为准确的定量分析，采用ANSYS有限元软件对十字形梁柱组合件进行了受力全过程的非线性有限元分析，并将分析结果与试验结果进行对比，从而进一步了解细晶高强钢筋混凝土梁柱组合件在反复荷载下的受力性能特点。

Later, it makes some comparison with four kinds of modulation technique, and finally, it implements the three-level PWM switching power amplifier with the PWM technique. The power of the amplifier is 2kVA, and the frequency bandwidth is 10～3kHz. In the thesis, the author designs and makes the hardwares of the switching power amplifier. The hardwares contain power inverter rank circuit, control system circuit based on DSP, drive and isolation circuit, and protective circuit. The thesis also analyses the potential safety problems and put forward some solutions for the problems. Furthermore, the thesis accomplishes the software design of the control system, and successfully debugs it. The methods of designing higher power ampilfier are also discussed in the thesis. It analyses the feasibility of the methods, outlines the way of how to design higher power switching power amplifier, and does some experiments with the method of switches-parallelling.

根据电动振动试验系统对开关功放的要求，提出了以电感电流瞬时值控制技术为基础的三电平脉宽调制开关功放的设计方案，并通过系统仿真进行了原理性论证；然后设计并制作了开关功放的硬件，包括功率转换电路，基于DSP的控制电路，驱动、隔离电路以及保护电路；针对开关功放数学模型不易得出的特点，细致分析了模糊自适应PID控制方法，在此基础上编写了控制程序；研制出一台功率为2kVA，通频带为10～3kHz的三电平脉宽调制开关功放；论文中还探讨了实现大功率开关功放的方法，分析了各种方法的可行性，给出了实现大功率开关功放的思路，并进行了并联开关管实现大功率开关功放的实验。

By the theories of cavitations and free volume, it analyses the factors on lubricant low-temperature property in view of molecule structure, brings up effective ways to improve the low-temperature properties, conducts plenty of testing with even designs, and then investigates and tests the lubricant's low-temperature properties with computerized system; it analyses the data by regressi on method and optimizes the solving, and studies on the base oil of environment friendly lubricants and selects the composition of colza oil, esters and PAO2, and discusses on low-temperature flowability of vegetable-base lubricants.

应用空穴理论及自由体积理论，从分子结构角度分析了影响润滑油低温性能的因素，提出了改善对润滑油低温性能的有效途径，组织了大量试验，通过润滑油的计算机检测系统对润滑油的低温性能进行了分析检测，采用均匀设计来组织实验；用逐步回归对数据进行分析并且进行最优化求解，对环境兼容润滑油的基础油进行了分析研究，选择菜籽油、季戊四醇酯和聚α-烯烃作为基础油，并从理论上对植物基润滑油的低温流动性进行了探讨。

By the theories of cavitations and free volume, it analyses the factors on lubricant low-temperature property in view of molecule structure, brings up effective ways to improve the low-temperature properties, conducts plenty of testing with even designs, and then investigates and tests the lubricants low-temperature properties with computerized system; it analyses the data by regression method and optimizes the solving, and studies on the base oil of environment friendly lubricants and selects the composition of colza oil, esters and PAO2, and discusses on low-temperature flowability of vegetable-base lubricants.

应用空穴理论及自由体积理论，从分子结构角度分析了影响润滑油低温性能的因素，提出了改善对润滑油低温性能的有效途径，组织了大量试验，通过润滑油的计算机检测系统对润滑油的低温性能进行了分析检测，采用均匀设计来组织实验；用逐步回归对数据进行分析并且进行最优化求解，对环境兼容润滑油的基础油进行了分析研究，选择菜籽油、季戊四醇酯和聚α-烯烃作为基础油，并从理论上对植物基润滑油的低温流动性进行了探讨。

Chinese traditional virtue is humility and wariness,the compliment and praise to the others should be declination

中国人的传统美德是谦虚谨慎，对别人的恭维和夸奖应是推辞。如

We bought this house on the never-never.

我们以分期付款的方式买下这座房子。