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The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

With the ubiquitousness of the web, many cmss ? are now classified as web cmss ?, either because they have a web-based interface or because they focus on a web-based delivery system over the internet or an intranet. plone provides a web management interface and web-based delivery system.

使用普遍存在的web，很多cms系统现在被分类为web cms，因为他们要么由一个web界面，或者因为他们主要集中于一个通过内部网或者因特网的web发布系统。plone提供了一个web管理界面和一个web发布界面。

With the development of Internet, information on the Web is rapidly expanding, and the demand for information is increasing. Web crawler who takes charge of gathering Web information is facing an enormous challenge.

随着网络技术的发展，Web上的信息海量增加，人们对信息的需求也不断加大，使得专门负责Web信息采集的网络爬虫技术面临着巨大的挑战。

Building on this crawler, we developed a rule-based crawler, which uses simple rules derived from interclass linkage patterns to decide its next move.

该文针对聚焦爬虫这一研究热点，对现今聚焦爬虫的爬行方法(主要是网页分析算法和网页搜索策略)做了深入分析和对比，提出了一种改进的聚焦爬行算法。

The mode of tracklayer traction used that crawler traction device and wheel hub axis united to control the traction.The question including the traction force match of crawler and moving axis and the stability of running speed directly concerns tracklayer track-lying quality and efficiency.

由于铺轨机组牵引采用履带式牵引装置和轮轨式动力轴联合操控牵引的方式，履带和动轴牵引力匹配，走行速度的稳定性，直接影响铺轨的质量和效率。

The distribution of sales by size, i.e., horsepower, is also quite different for crawler dozers and crawler loaders.

从马力大小看销量分配，履带式推土机和履带式装载机也是差异很大的。

60 Rollover Protective Structures 滚动保护结构 Rollover protective structures apply to the following types of materials handling equipment: All rubber-tired, self-propelled scrapers, rubber-tired frontend loaders, rubber-tired dozers, wheel-type agricultural and industrial tractors, crawler tractors, crawler-type loaders, and motor graders, with or without attachments, that are used in construction work.

滚动保护结构适用于下列类型的材料处理设备：所有橡胶轮胎的，自力推进的铲运机，橡胶轮胎的前端装载机，橡胶轮胎的推土机，轮式农用和工业拖拉机，履带式拖拉机，履带式装载机，和机动平地机，带有或不带有附件的用于施工工作的那些机械设备。

For the construction industry the extensive product program comprises construction cranes, truck and mobile cranes, crawler cranes, hydraulic excavators and hydraulic rope excavators, wheel loaders, crawler tractors and loaders, mining trucks, concrete mixing plant and truck mixers; liebherr''s products for cargo handling include ship, offshore, container and mobile dock cranes; the machinery and plant range encompasses machine tools, material flow technology and engineering projects; the aircraft equipment comprises landing gear, actuation and air-management systems; transport technology equipment comprising air conditioner for tran rapid in shanghai and other trains; in the domestic appliances area, liebherr specializes in refrigerators and freezers, with a range of more than 300 principal models.

用于建筑工业的产品有塔式起重机、轮胎式和汽车式起重机、履带式起重机、液压挖掘机和液压钢绳式挖掘机、轮式装载机、履带式推土机和履带式装载机、矿用自卸车、混凝土搅拌站和搅拌运输车等；利勃海尔用于货物转运的产品包括船用、钻井平台、集装箱式起重机；机械加工和工厂建设方面有机床、物流设备和工程项目；航空设备包括起落架、作动器和空气调节与管理系统、运输技术准备主要包括上海磁悬浮列车和其他火车用的空调器等；家用电器方面，利勃海尔专业生产基本型号达300余种的冷冻与冷藏设备。

For the construction industry the extensive product program comprises construction cranes, truck and mobile cranes, crawler cranes, hydraulic excavators and hydraulic rope excavators, wheel loaders, crawler tractors and loaders, mining trucks, concrete mixing plant and truck mixers; Liebherrs products for cargo handling include ship, offshore, container and mobile dock cranes; the machinery and plant range encompasses machine tools, material flow technology and engineering projects; the aircraft equipment comprises landing gear, actuation and air-management systems; transport technology equipment comprising air conditioner for Tran rapid in Shanghai and other trains; in the domestic appliances area, Liebherr specializes in refrigerators and freezers, with a range of more than 300 principal models.

用于建筑工业的产品有塔式起重机、轮胎式和汽车式起重机、履带式起重机、液压挖掘机和液压钢绳式挖掘机、轮式装载机、履带式推土机和履带式装载机、矿用自卸车、混凝土搅拌站和搅拌运输车等；利勃海尔用于货物转运的产品包括船用、钻井平台、集装箱式起重机；机械加工和工厂建设方面有机床、物流设备和工程项目；航空设备包括起落架、作动器和空气调节与管理系统、运输技术准备主要包括上海磁悬浮列车和其他火车用的空调器等；家用电器方面，利勃海尔专业生产基本型号达300余种的冷冻与冷藏设备。

All over the word, the name liebherr stands for a technically advanced, benefit-oriented range of products and services.for the construction industry the extensive product program comprises construction cranes, truck and mobile cranes, crawler cranes, hydraulic excavators and hydraulic rope excavators, wheel loaders, crawler tractors and loaders, mining trucks, concrete mixing plant and truck mixers; liebherr's products for cargo handling include ship, offshore, container and mobile dock cranes; the machinery and plant range encompasses machine tools, material flow technology and engineering projects; the aircraft equipment comprises landing gear, actuation and air-management systems; transport technology equipment comprising air conditioner for tran rapid in shanghai and other trains; in the domestic appliances area, liebherr specializes in refrigerators and freezers, with a range of more than 300 principal models.

在全世界范围内，利勃海尔这一名词代表着先进的技术、高性能的产品和优质的服务。n用于建筑工业的产品有塔式起重机、轮胎式和汽车式起重机、履带式起重机、液压挖掘机和液压钢绳式挖掘机、轮式装载机、履带式推土机和履带式装载机、矿用自卸车、混凝土搅拌站和搅拌运输车等；利勃海尔用于货物转运的产品包括船用、钻井平台、集装箱式起重机；机械加工和工厂建设方面有机床、物流设备和工程项目；航空设备包括起落架、作动器和空气调节与管理系统、运输技术准备主要包括上海磁悬浮列车和其他火车用的空调器等；家用电器方面，利勃海尔专业生产基本型号达300余种的冷冻与冷藏设备。

"Second Life is remarkably easy to work with, and is very popular,"

"第二次生命是显着容易的工作，并且很受欢迎，"

For example, we usually assume that materials are homogeneous and isotropic and free of internal defects or flaws.

为了得到适合有限元分析的模型，我们必须经过如图2所示的简化步骤。