Atmospheric processes

The history of meteorological satellites, the principle of meteorological remote sensing and retrieval methods for atmospheric parameters are introduced comprehensively in this thesis. The principle of Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder on board the new generation of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminisstration polar-orbiting satellites and the retrieval methods for temperature, humidity and wind profiles are given indetails.

本论文系统介绍了气象卫星的发展、遥感原理以及大气参数反演方法；详细介绍了NOAA/ATOVS传感器工作原理及其大气温度、湿度、风矢量廓线反演方法；对MM5中尺度气象数值预报模式、数据同化方法也作了简要介绍。

Therefore we studied the redox carbonylation of nitroarenes with thiols at atmospheric pressure in detail and succeeded in reducing the high reaction pressure to atmospheric pressure .

所以我们在常压条件下对硒催化芳香硝基化合物和硫醇的氧化还原羰基化反应进行了详尽研究，成功地将加压反应常压化。

Pressure governor valve is the use of a spring-loaded power and pressure balance theory, when the spring-loaded pressure less than atmospheric pressure and the valves closed when the pressure is greater than the spring-loaded rubber tubing stretch when the bottom of compressed air diaphragm, diaphragm the effort to promote diaphragm upward and left vavle seat blow the air flow of gas, this would piston shirking role in the pressure mobile, Selection will be emissions from valve seat, air compressors made by the then air into the gas valves and exhaust emissions is through the mouth into atmospheric air compressors idling.

调压阀的原理是利用了弹簧力与压力相平衡的原理，当弹簧的压力小于气压的时候阀关闭，当压力大于弹簧的弹力时候橡胶调压膜片下方的压缩空气对膜片的用途力，推动膜片向上拱曲离开阀座而使空气流入气腔，此时卸荷活塞在气压用途下移动，将排放阀门推离阀座，于是由空气压缩机充入气腔的空气便通过排放阀和排气口排入大气空气压缩机空转。

The paper analyzs and simplifies the mesoscale atmospheric momentum equations with scale analysis method. Results show that the main character of mesoscale atmospheric motion is quasi-stationary.

本文首先应用尺度分析方法，对中尺度大气运动方程组进行分析简化，结果表明中尺度大气运动的主要特征是准定常的，即是在力的准平衡状态下进行的缓慢演变。

Considering the influence of atmospheric resistance on orbit,and the influence of starlight on the observation with star sensor, atmospheric density has to be taken into consideration in high-precision autonomous orbit determination of satellites.

在卫星高精度自主定轨中，由于需要考虑大气阻力对轨道的影响，以及卫星敏感器观测穿过大气层的星光时，都需要知道大气密度。

After atmospheric loading correction according to the admittances, the residuals of seasonal change are less than 1mm. acquired the important conclusion that height seasonal changes mainly come from atmospheric loading. The stations including XNIN, DLHA, CHUN, BJFS have obvious uplift tendency.

由台站实测大气压数据通过大气垂直位移导纳改正，高程年周期信号的残差小于1mm，由此获得台站高程的季节性变化主要来源于大气负荷的影响这一重要结论。

On the special structure of the Lower Latitude Meridian Circle and the practice of determining astronomical refraction in Yunnan observatory,a new method for improving the correction accuracy of the atmo- spheric refraction delay is proposed:the determined data of the astronomical atmospheric refraction values with different azimuths are utilized to find the refractivity and the param- eters of mapping functions for modeling the atmospheric refraction delay correction,which changes with the observing stations and azimuths.

根据云南天文台低纬子午环的特殊结构，和测定大气折射的实践，提出了提高折射延迟改正精度的新方法，即：利用各观测站不同方位从天顶附近直到低地平高度角的天文大气折射实测数据，求解得到折射率差和映射函数的参数，从而建立随测站和随方位而异的大气折射延迟改正模型。

The intensity of laser signal incident straightly on the surface of photoelectric detector of the warning apparatus was calculated under different atmospheric visibilities in this paper. Both the target reflection and the atmospheric dispersion were considered also. The sensitivity of the vehicular laser warning device was discussed to provide a guideline for the development and design of the device.

分析计算了激光在大气传输中在不同能见度下直接入射到告警接收机光电探测器表面上的信号辐射度，以及目标溅射和大气散射情形下的激光信号辐射度，对车载激光告警器灵敏度指标的确定进行了论证，为系统设计和研制提供了依据。

The vehicle development from the perspective of the current environmental problems, atmospheric pollution focuses on the current status of the environmental impact of vehicle exhaust and hazards analysis, and management of vehicle exhaust from the perspective of atmospheric pollution control measures and methods, Then on the theory and practice of how to develop natural gas vehicles of the main issues of tentative study that the development of natural gas vehicles is vigorously addressing vehicle exhaust pollution to the atmosphere of the best ways.

内容摘要：本文从汽车发展的角度来考虑当前的环保问题，着重针对大气污染的现状，对汽车尾气对环境的影响及其危害进行分析，并从治理汽车尾气的角度提出大气污染治理的措施与方法，然后对如何发展天然气汽车理论和实践中的主要问题进行了尝试性的研究，指出大力发展天然气汽车是解决汽车尾气对大气的污染问题的最好办法。

Atmospheric aerosol has important impact on many geophysical and geochemical processes, and affects the biosphere and geosphere significantly.

大气气溶胶在许多地球物理和地球化学过程中都起着重要的作用，对地圈、生物圈也有着非常重要的影响。

It's not quite as simple as that.

并没有那么容易。

It debuted in 1992 in Japan and the United Kingdom, and 1993 in the United States.

它首次亮相于1992年在日本和英国，在美国1993年。