Atmospheric processes

In order to get the more accurate data of atmospheric capacity about this type of area, such as Yueyang, this paper analyzed the characteristics of Yueyang meteorology, gathered the features of atmospheric pollution sources, worked out the main problems in environmental protection. In addition, we analyzed the rule of atmospheric transport and diffusion, and took the Frequency of lake and breeze to modify the data of atmospheric capacity of Yueyang, which was achieved by A-P index, and compares the modified data of atmospheric capacity with the data of atmospheric capacity achieved by multi-source. The results indicated that according to the fact of lake and breeze, taking the frequency of lake and breeze to modify the data of atmospheric capacity of the field with stable lake and breeze, which is achieved by A-P index, made the atmospheric capacity more accurate. Accordingly, the result could be more reliable if the modified data is taken to calculate the atmospheric capacity when we assess the impact on the environment of the field with stable lake and land breeze.

为准确地求得这一类型地区的大气环境容量，本文研究了岳阳市城区大气环境的主要特点，收集大气污染源数据并进行分析，查明岳阳市城区主要环境问题，分析岳阳市城区主要大气污染物的迁移转化规律，对A-P指数法求得的岳阳市大气环境容量值用湖陆风频率进行修正，并将修正后的大气环境容量与多源模型(区域大气环境容量计算模型)求得的大气环境容量进行对比，得出结论：根据湖陆风环流情况下的大气扩散方式，对有稳定的湖陆风环流的地区，采用湖陆风频率修正A-P指数法求大气环境容量，进一步提高了计算的准确性。

It plays significant role in the processes of atmospheric physics, atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric optics, and atmospheric photochemistry.

黑碳气溶胶是气溶胶的重要组成部分，在大气物理、大气化学、大气光学、大气光化学等过程中具有重要作用。

The contents of the study on Earth environment and life processes include (1) chemical, physical and biological processes under the interactions between Earth environment and life processes, and the interactions among geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere;(2)distinguishing the contributions of the human activities and natural processes to global change;(3)evaluating the possible impacts of climatic and environmental changes on life processes and its feedbacks;(4)discovering the adaptation of life processes to Earth environment and its adjustment mechanism.

地球环境与生命过程研究的内涵就是研究地球环境与生命过程相互作用中的各种化学、物理、生物过程，以及其在地圈、水圈、大气圈、生物圈各子系统之间发生的相互作用，增进对地球系统的理解和认识，区分人类活动与自然过程在全球变化中的作用，评估气候与环境变化对生命过程的影响及其反馈作用，揭示生命过程对于地球环境的适应性及其调控机理，为科学地管理地球，确保地球系统的可持续发展提供依据。

Based on international front and hotspot in atmospheric chemistry and aerosol study, considering domestic characteristics of atmospheric pollution, the laboratory has included main research areas below: atmospheric chemical reaction, aerosol chemistry, photochemical pollution, acid deposition chemistry, atmospheric brown cloud, emission characteristics and emission factors of PM and VOCs emitted from various sources, indoor air pollution and its control techniques, health effect of particulate matters, and so on.

研究室的主要研究方向始终瞄准国际大气化学和气溶胶研究和发展的前沿和热点，结合中国大气污染的自身特点，在大气化学反应、气溶胶化学、光化学污染、酸沉降化学、大气棕色云、各种污染源颗粒物和 VOCs 的排放特征和排放因子、室内空气污染及其控制、大气污染的人体健康效应等方面进行实验研究，在上述各方面得出具有国际先进水平的研究成果，建立国内领先和国际先进的学术研究和实验科学体系，确保研究室的学术地位和知名度，与国外相关的研究机构保持同步的发展态势并建立平等的交流机制。

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer level-lA visible image is executed atmospheric correction using two atmospheric radiative transfer model, 6S(Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum) and SBDART (Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer). The plane-parallel atmospheric model is validated in the high-latitude Antarctica.

本文主要在分析了大气对遥感影像产生的各种影响的基础上，对大气纠正的一般原理和方法进行了回顾和归纳总结，利用两个大气辐射传输模式(6S和SBDART)，对ASTER L1A的可见光波段的影像进行大气纠正，验证了平面—平行大气模型应用于南极高纬度地区的可行性。

Just as chemical processes underlie biological processes, and microphysical processes underlie chemical processes, something underlies microphysical processes.

就如同化学过程在生物过程之下，并且微观物理过程在化学过程之下，而另一些东西在微观物理过程之下。

The result indicated:Without considering the influence of atmospheric turbulence,the visibility is higher,the beam intensity attenuation is smaller;Under the condition that only considered the atmospheric turbulence influence,wave length of transmission laser and refractive index of atmospheric structure constant have an important influence on beam intensity distribution.

结果表明：在不考虑大气湍流影响的条件下，能见度越高，光强衰减越小；在只考虑大气湍流影响的条件下，传输激光的波长，大气折射率结构常数，对激光远场光强分布具有重要影响。

Some conclusions are inducted through the study: first, grid nudging with the rountine observed data in the MM5 simulation of atmospheric duct affects less over the sea than the land;Second,how much of sigma levels have great influence on simulation of atmospheric duct and the MM5 simulation with more sigma levels depicting the atmospheric ducts are reasonable; Last, multiple nests are allowed on a given level of nesting domain in the MM5 model.

通过研究得到了以下结论：(1)利用常规资料进行格点同化对海上大气波导影响较小，对陆地影响较大；(2)垂直分层对大气波导特征参数影响明显，层数较多描述大气波导比较合适；(3)对于海上大气波导，细网格刻画大气波导特征参数比较细致，但粗网格的模拟已经足够进行大气波导分析。

State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Che mistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029,China 2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China

中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室，北京100029 2 中国科学院研究生院，北京 100039

The first is termed aero-optic and involved optical transmission through aberrating fluid layer whose thickness, L, is smaller than or comparable with the viewing aperture dimension, A, and the turbulence scales, A , are smaller than or the order as the layers thickness:The second category, atmospheric propagation, involved optical transmission through the aberrating medium over very long propagation distance compare with the viewing aperture size, and the turbulent scales of note are generally less than or the same order as the propagation distance:Depending on the atmospheric conditions, for ground-based observatories, wave-front sensor operating at 300HZ can adequately resolved both the important spatial scales and the temporal evolution of the atmospheric-turbulence-induced aberrating wave front over viewing aperture associated with relatively large telescope.

第一类问题光学畸变发生在&近场&较短的光路上，即流层厚度L，光束直径A，以及湍流尺度Λ三者之间存在关系式：ΛA≤L≤A第二类大气传输问题光学畸变则发生在较长的一段光路上，L，A，以及Λ满足： A＜＜Λ≤L对于地基情况下的大气光学传输，300Hz的波前传感器就能实时地测得光波前畸变包括时间、空间频率的相关信息，为我们的自适应光学系统的设计、制造以及进行相关的自适应校正都有着相当重要的指导意义。

Objective:To compare the response control and attention of Schizophrenic patients with that of the healthy controls by Integrated Visual and Auditorycontinuous performance test. To quantitate the impairment of cognitive function in patients, and to explore the relationship between cognitive function and the severity of the disorder.

目的：探讨精神分裂症病人在IVA持续操作测试中的反应控制能力、注意力等，并与健康人进行比较，从而量化精神分裂症病人的认知功能损害，并进一步探讨其认知功能与疾病严重程度的关系。

Main effective factors including subcooling degree, mechanical vibration, gas hydrate reformation, environment temperature, noncondensing gas and surfactant are analyzed.

指出过冷度、机械振动、重复生成水合物、环境温度、不凝性气体、添加剂是影响气体水合物生成的主要因素，还对R152a水合物的放冷进行了实验研究。