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In chapter 4,on the basis of chapter 3,a new formulation of hybrid/mixedsingular plate element based on Reissner's plate theory is set up,and 4-node arbitraryquadrilateral hybrid/mixed singular bending plate element formulas including theeffects of transverse shear deformation is derived,then by the use of this method,alarge quantity of numerical computations are carried out,at the same time,the resultsare compared with theoretical solutions and the results obtained by other singularfinite element methods.

第四章 在第三章的基础之上，建立基于Reissner型板理论之上的杂交/混合奇异板单元列式，推导出了考虑剪切效应的四节点任意四边形杂交/混合奇异弯曲板单元公式，并进行了大量的数值计算，同时与理论解析解和其它有限元解进行了比较，计算结果表明：本文提出的杂交/混合奇异板单元方法是可以用于计算含裂纹平板弯曲应力强度因子的一种高效、可靠、简便易行的方法。

SUI Yunkang, different filter functions of element weight, element allowable stress and element stiffness are introduced to change the 0-1 type discrete topological variables to continuous topological variables between 0 and 1, thus a topological optimization model with continuous topological variables is built.

删除无效约束技术就是在近似射线步以后，根据一定的准则，将约束分为无效约束和有效约束，删除无效约束，保留有效约束，减小优化模型的规模，提高求解效率。

In the second chapter several new concepts of elasto-plastic fuzzy stiffness and element are proposed. The fuzzy element matrixes corresponding to the elasto-plastic fuzzy element are also established. In order to use the bilinear and trilinear restoring force modles on analysis seismic responses of structures. A fuzzy mathematical method for dealing with the critical points of the restoring force curve is proposed too.

第二章针对结构在地震弹塑性分析中的刚度模糊性，提出了模糊刚度的概念，并进一步对平面和杆系的弹塑性问题提出了弹塑性模糊单元的概念，建立了相应的模糊单元刚度矩阵；为了利用现有的折线恢复力模型，并且更好地反映结构刚度的过渡性，还给出了用模糊数学处理折线恢复力模型刚度折点的方法。

First carries out the technology parameter and themainly work partial point sizes, then use the reference informationand picture that reached , as the major element of die carries outstructural design, include working element, location element, leadelement and tripper carry installation , press the design of sideinstallation etc..

首先对模具进行工艺参数，主要工作部分刃口尺寸的相关计算，然后再利用得出的数据结合有关的参考资料和图册，对模具的主要零件进行结构设计，包括工作零件，定位零件，导向零件，卸料装置，顶件装置，压边装置等的设计。

The results indicated that (1) the economy in Zhejiang Province was in the developing stage of unchanged scale wage;(2) the inputoutput elasticity coefficients was the most sensitive to labour element among the factors which had effect of economic growth in Zhejiang Province.The results showed that the coefficient was 0.538 5 in labour element while the coefficients were 0.247 3 in land element and 0.321 6 in fixed asset elements respectively;（3）the contribution of the input of fixed assets was 6823% and still the major impetus to economic growth during this time;(4)the land use was not intensive basically in Zhejiang Province,the input of land elements was replaced by that of other elements during the study.So,labour intensive industry should be one of the industries in the future.

研究结果表明：(1)就规模效应而言，浙江省的经济增长处于规模报酬不变的发展阶段；(2)浙江省经济增长对劳动力要素的投入最为敏感，其中土地要素、劳动力要素和资本要素增加1个单位的投入量对经济增长的推动为 0.247 3、0.538 5 和 0.321 6；（3）固定资产投入在研究期间是浙江省经济增长的主要推动力，其贡献率达到6823%，而劳动力要素与土地要素则分别为2346%和625%；(4)浙江省土地利用不够集约，在研究期间土地要素对经济增长的影响能被资本要素与劳动力要素有效替代，而劳动力要素则难以被资本投入与土地投入有效替代，劳动集约型产业应该成为浙江省未来发展方向之一。

In this paper, the improvement of the low velocity impact resistance performance of composite plates using shape memory effect of shape memory alloy is analyzed by using finite element method, The constitutive relationship and the model of finite element analysis of SMA hybrid composite plates are established, The finite element equation is solved by using the Newmark direct integration method and the modified Hertzian contact law.

应用有限元方法分析了利用形状记忆合金的记忆特性提高复合材料抵抗低速冲击的能力，建立了SMA复合材料板的本构关系和有限元分析模型，利用修正的Hertzian接触定律确定冲击接触力，应用Newmark直接积分法求解方程；研究结果表明利用SMA的形状记忆功能可有效地改善复合材料板的低速冲击响应性能。

A new region was nominated as "Qinling-Huaihe Region" which includes Gansu,Shaanxi,Henan,Hubei,Anhui and Jiangsu.In this new region,East Asia element is predominant,and Palaearctic element is equivalent to the Oriental element.

多元相似性聚类分析结果显示，台湾和华中关系密切于华南；内蒙古和东北区的关系密切于西北；河南、湖北、陕西、甘肃、安徽、江苏6省聚为一个&秦岭淮河区&，这个新分布区的特点是，东亚成分占优势；古北成分和东洋成分相等；古北东洋两界的分界线横贯全区。

Actuator element for levering and out printed circuit modules with locking slide, front element for printed circuit module with actuator element, and subrack that receives printed circuit modules

用于推入和拉出印制线路插件的、带锁紧滑块的操纵件，印制线路插件的、带操纵件的前护板组件和用于固定印制线路插件的插件支架

This paper possesses intensified interview with the object of social donation-social donator, discovering the three elements of the motivations of social donation activities: the moralized element of mutual help and mutual experience, market element of profit realization, and strengthening element of the futility of donator as well as the novelty of poor-relieving mode.

同时，本文对社会募捐的对象——社会捐赠者进行了深度访谈，发现社会公众捐赠行为的动机主要基于三个因素，即互相帮助、共同体验及回报社会的道德化因素，利益实现的市场化因素，捐赠物品对于捐赠者无用性、扶贫帮困模式新颖性的促进性因素。

In this dissertation, the arch bridge was discretized by the FEM according to its structural characteristics with the spatial beam element simulating the tied beams, end floor beams, middle floor beams, arch ribs and the like and with the spatial link element simulating the suspenders to erect the bridges spatial mechanical computational finite element model.

该拱桥的拱肋主要承受压力，弯矩较小；系杆梁虽然是一拉弯构件，但由于布置有多道预应力筋，截面全跨受压；吊杆张拉力比较均匀，且吊杆张拉力对桥面系的线形控制作用比较明显；桥梁各构件受力和变形均在桥梁设计规范规定范围之内，表明桥梁结构受力合理。

Must have Coordination and negotiation skill, flexible ideas, and be punctilious person.

必须具备较好的协调与谈判能力，头脑灵活，工作认真仔细

Result: 18 patients are all with simple eye.The pigment mole lies in nasal and temple sides of the ball conjunctiva,in which 2 lie in lacrimal caruncle and semilunar plica.

结果：18例患者均为单眼，色素痣大多数位于内外侧睑裂部球结膜面，2例位于泪阜及半月皱襞，经激光治疗后，10例色素痣消失，有5例行再次激光后消失，2例行第三次激光后消失，1例第四次激光后消失。