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In most water disposal, it pay attention to pollution, and color and Ultimate oxygen demand. But, some like Hydrargyrum, Cadmium and other minim-element, because of minuteness content, it has difficulty to inspect. But super-scale minim-element has harm to body's health. In an more and more pollution society, to inspect the minim-element is especially importance.

在处理自来水的过程中，大多只注重了水中的污染物，色度和部分有机物，对于水中含有的各种微量元素，例如：汞，镉，锌等，通常由于其含量微小，而对其进行常规监测有一定的难度，但是微量元素超标对人体健康有着极其的危害，在社会污染日趋严重的今天，对微量元素的监测显得格外重要了。

The main contents include: Some preliminary theory (introduction to Sobolev spaces and variational formulations for differential equations); finite element methods for one-dimensional elliptic problems; the construction methods for general finite elements; error estimates for interpolation operators and inverse inequalities for finite element spaces; a priori and a posteriori error estimates for the finite element method for high-dimensional elliptic problems; some typical spectral methods for partial differential equations; error analysis for the spectral approximation for some linear and nonlinear partial differential equations.

主要内容有：准备知识（Sobolev空间的基本概念和主要结果，微分方程的变分描述）；一维椭圆型方程有限元方法；一般有限元的构造；插值算子误差估计和逆不等式；高维椭圆型方程的先验、后验误差估计；求解偏微分方程的几类谱方法；线性与非线性问题谱逼近的误差分析等。

The effect of the elastic-plastic matrix of friction soil with nonrelevant flow rule on the numerical convergence of finite element method is analyzed in this paper; and the effect of elastic modular, poisson ratio and earth pressure coefficient on numerical results are studied in this paper. At the same time, the hybrid element with a mixture of displacement and stress variables and the conventional element with solely displacement variable are compared when used in geomaterials.

在ABAQUS有限元分析软件的基础上，本文研究了服从非关联流动法则摩擦性土体的弹塑性矩阵对有限元数值算法的影响，并研究了弹性模量、泊松比以及地基土压、力系数对数值计算结果的影响，同时探讨了数值分析过程中常规位移元与杂交元在岩土工程中的应用。

Therefore, the author takes account the constructive features of the Reinforced Concrete structures to raise the concepts of identical and un-identical displacement field, and to establish new elements for plane and space RC structures, including plane quadrangle element with several tendons, plane triangle element with one tendon or several tendons, block element with several tendons and so on.

在深入研究已有钢筋混凝土组合与均匀二类单元，发现普遍存在没有充分考虑到钢筋实际作用的问题，从而导致了计算结果过于保守后，本文首先针对钢筋混凝土的构造特征，提出了同一位移场与非同一位移场的概念。

According to research into the regional geochemical characteristics of the northern Xinjiang (they consist of abundance valve and vary coefficient of element, distribution of element among stratum and magmatite, regional anomalous geochemical characteristics), the author discuss vary regular pattern of element and geochemical anomalies among different stage of stratum and magmatite in the northern Xinjiang.

摘要对新疆北部区域地球化学基本特征―元素的丰度值、变化系数、元素在地层及侵入岩中的分布规律、元素共生组合、区域地球化学异常特征的研究，阐明了新疆北部区域上、不同时代地层及岩浆岩中元素及地球化学异常的变化规律。

This article mainly simulates gradually damage destruction process of rock, major in determinationg the definition of rock three-dimensional damage tensor, simplify to the damage tensor and obtain its engineering calculation method, and obtains the basic expression form of equivalent stress by equivalent stress assumption, symmetrization to the actual stress, thus obtains construction relation of the festival principle of three-dimensional damage rock mass, finally couples elasticity- plasticity with damage in the finite element equation, with reference to elasticity-plasticity gradually degenerated method thought, simulates rock damage to advance gradually the destruction process in finite element method, draws up elasticity - plasticity and damage coupling two-dimension finite element procedure with the C language in the VC contact surface, by simulating experiment destroyed process, acquires destruction image and the axial load distortion curve of model, agreement with the experimental result.

本文主要模拟岩石渐进损伤破坏过程，确定岩石三维损伤张量的定义，对损伤张量进行简化计算并得出其工程计算方法，采用等效应力假设得出有效应力的基本表达形式，对有效应力进行对称化，得出节理损伤岩体的三维本构关系，在有限元方程中实现弹塑性和损伤耦合；借鉴弹塑性渐进退化方法的思想，采用有限元的方法模拟岩石损伤渐进破坏过程，用C++语言在VC界面编制了弹塑性和损伤耦合的二维有限元程序，通过模拟已有的实验破坏过程，得出模型的破坏图像和轴向荷载变形曲线，与实验结果基本一致。

Derive the requirement to strain and displacement of Patch Test. Give the relationship between weak form of continuity equation and the Patch Test, through which the hybrid element method and quasi-conform element method are analyzed. Refined direct stiffness method and generalized conforming elements are also analyzed about why they can pass patch test. At last, as an example of using the requirement of patch test for displacement, improved the BCIZ Element.

得出分片试验对位移函数和应变函数的要求，这些要求便是一个好的有限元法所应保证的；分析了几何方程弱形式与分片试验的关系，借此分析了杂交元、拟协调元如何满足这些要求，以及在满足这些要求的同时产生的对其他条件的影响；分析了精化直接刚度法、广义协调元和双参数法如何保证分片试验的满足；最后作为位移条件的应用例子，改进了BCIZ元。

The foundation of arch dam usually is layer rock base, and the depths of the layer are small, it is common that several layer rock base contact with one layer element grid. According to the geometry relation and the property of shape function, a new element kind that includes 24 nodes has been proposed to dissect the dam and foundation effectively, whose shape function are independent. In fact the element can be looked as a hexahedron divided into five small hexahedrons. It can be simulate all kind of the condition of the base and the dam.

拱坝的地基一般是层状岩石地基，有的层厚度很小，这样就有多个岩层和坝体某层单元接触，本文根据岩基与坝体接触的几何关系，利用形函数的性质，提出24节点六面体层单元，这种单元实际上是将一个厚的六面体单元分成5个更薄的六面体单元而形成的，其形函数采用可以拆分的形式表达，因此可以方便地解决坝体单元的一、二、三、四个面与错动带接触的情况，可以模拟一、二、三、四个棱边与错动带接触的情况，还可以退化为12节点的四边形面单元，以及五面体层单元。

Because the Mongolian Plateau lies in the Temperate Zone of Asia, its basic floristic elememt of the genus is composed of widespread North Temperate Zone and Temperate Asian Zone element (5 sp.,31.25%), the Europe Siberia element (4 sp.,25%) intermingles in North of the Mongolian Plateau, and East Asian element (4 sp.25%) in the East, These show the close relationship between the flora of the genus and the flora of Siberia's and East Asian.forest zone..

由于蒙古高原位于亚洲温带地区，广布的北温带和温带亚洲成分( 5种，占 31 。2 5%)构成了该属的基本成分，在蒙古高原的北部渗入欧洲-西伯利亚成分( 4种)，在东部渗入了东亚区系成分( 4种)，分别占 2 5%，反映了该属植物区系成分与西伯利亚和东亚森林区植物区系的紧密联系。

Compared with the research of the geometric nonlinear finite element method home and aboard in the components such as bar, plate, beam and shell element, the present problems is analyzed and the future research direction is described for the theoretical research and program design of geometric nonlinear finite element method.

综合比较了几何非线性有限元法在杆、梁、板、壳等方面的国内外研究成果，指出目前仍存在的问题，提出今后的发展方向，为几何非线性有限元的理论研究与程序设计提供参考。

You can get the best service in the first-class cabin, but you pay for it.

在头等舱可以得到最好的服务，但那是你付钱买来的。

It will make the characters of ethnical and local culture eliminated. On the other hand, this tendency stimulates the arousal of the selfconsciousness of ethnical and local culture. The selfconsciousness comes from the recognition, that is the global culture be a combination of kinds of local culture, not a one kind of culture.

民族和地区&的概念从来就是与&全球的概念相伴的，人类文化的全球化趋势同时也促进了民族性和地区性文化意志的勃兴和加强，它们构成了多种文化并存的全球文化体系中的有机组成部分。