鼓膜的

The raw data was processed by using axial, coronal and double oblique multi-planar reformation; Images obtained were graded in terms of quality with a 5-point scale(5=excellent, 4=good, 3=fair, 2=poor, and 1=nondiagnostic). In grading image quality at axial MPR, The radiologic specialists focused on the subarcuate fossa, tendon of tensor tympani, facial recess, vestibular aqueduct and pyramidal eminence, In grading image quality at coronal MPR, attention was given to the scute, crista transversa, fenestra cochleae, lateral malleal ligament and snake eyes signature of cranial nerve, In the grading of the image quality at double oblique MPR, the radiologic specialists concentrated on the malleus, incus, stirrup bone, upper bony semicircular and aquaeductus fallopii, and then to implement statistical analysis. In order to choose the minimum tube current values and the maximum pitch that can satisfy the diagnosis request, image quality of axial, coronal and double oblique reformation images was compared with different tube current groups. 15 ears of volunteers were used to test the validity with the scanning parameter. Subsequently noise, MTF and dose length product were measured by phantoms in different tube current and pitch, the parameters obtained were compared and taken into statistics analysis.

扫描模式使用临床常用的颞骨螺旋扫描方式：管电压120 kV，准直宽度20×0.6 mm，视野200 mm，重建矩阵512×512，旋转时间1 s/r，重建层厚0.6 mm，重建间隔0.3 mm，分别改变管电流(380、300、200、160、120和80 mA)和螺距(0.8、1.0和1.2)进行扫描和重建，然后对颞骨进行横断面、冠状面和双斜面多平面重组，于重组后的横断层面图像上选取弓形下窝、鼓膜张肌腱、面神经隐窝、前庭导水管和锥隆起5个解剖结构，冠状面重组图像上选取盾板、横嵴、蜗窗、面神经的蛇眼征和锤骨外侧韧带5个解剖结构，双斜面重组图像上选取锤骨、砧骨、镫骨、上骨半规管和面神经管5个解剖结构，在双盲的情况下由放射学专家分别对各管电流和螺距下扫描的重组图像进行评分，随后进行统计学处理，从中筛选出满足诊断要求的最低管电流值和最大的螺距，分别采用患者25例(15耳)用该管电流值和螺距验证其可行性；然后利用模体分别测试各管电流和螺距下的图像的空间分辨率、噪声及其剂量长度积，并对测试所得参数数值进行比较和统计学处理。

MethodsTraditional gradient force, gradient plus pressure force and gradient vector flow force were used in active contour models to segment malleus, incus, eardrum and some shared surface images. The segmentation results were compared. ResultsBoth the gradient force and the GVF force resulted in satisfactory results when the initial contours were close to the boundary.

将传统的梯度外力、梯度加压力及梯度矢量流外力应用于主动轮廓模型，分别对砧骨、锤骨、砧骨和锤骨间的共享狭窄面及鼓膜等图像进行图像分割，比较图像分割的结果，选择收敛速度快、分割结果准确的方法。

Results:① The distance between handle of malleus and stapes head was(2.38±0.19)cm(2.00～2.70cm), the point selecting for measuring was outer margin of handle of malleus and stpes head.②The cross section form of one_third of the handle of malleus at the end, was triangle, the anteroposterior diameter of handle of malleus was(0.79±0.12)mm, the exterior and interior diameter was(0.58±0.10)mm at the crook point,the angle of line of manubrium mallei laid(83.24±8.33)°(66～98°)posteroinferior to arch of zygoma.③The long axis of prosthesis formed(27.60±1.75)°(24.6～30.2°)angle with the perpendicular of stapes.④The dependablity between the malleus_stapes distance and transverse diameter of tympanum, the location of umbo in tympanic membrane, the diameter of manubrium mallei, angle of line of manubrium mallei and arch of zygoma were not statistically significant.

结果：①锤_镫距离最短为(2.38±0.19)cm(2.00～2.70cm)，测量点为锤骨柄末端1/3处外缘和镫骨头；②锤骨柄末段1/3横断面形状接近三角形，弯曲处前、后方向直径为(0.79±0.12)mm，内、外方向直径为(0.58±0.10)mm；锤骨柄与颞线的成角为(83.24±8.33)°(66～98°)；③赝复物长轴与镫骨垂直方向成角平均为(27.60±1.75)°(24.6～30.2°)；④锤_镫距离与鼓室横径、鼓脐在鼓膜上的位置、锤骨柄直径、锤骨柄的方位的可能相关因素之间相关性检验无统计学意义。

Usually, an operation called myringotomy is done to treat severe, painful bulging of the eardrum.

通常，一个行动，称为鼓膜做是为了治疗严重的，痛苦的凸出的耳膜。

A single peaked tympanogram was typical in normal infants for 1000 Hz admittance,susceptance and conductance tympanograms and there were 28 ears (93.3%), 25 ears (83.3%) and 26 (86.7%) respectively.

在成年人和儿童中，以低频纯音(220Hz或226Hz)为探测音的鼓室声导抗测试被证明对于诊断多种中耳疾病、鼓膜异常以及咽鼓管功能障碍有很好的作用[1，2]，但是目前已经有一些研究表明，它图1高频探测音鼓室导抗图的不同类型。a，b：单峰型；c：无峰型；d：三峰型并不适用于诊断婴儿的中耳病变，特别是年龄小于6个月的婴儿[3-5]。

Methods KC and FE of tympanic membrane were cultured on the surface of CCM prepared by torrefaction, then the cells biological characteristics were detected by immunofluorescence stain of keratin and vimentin, and the cells proliferative activity were identified by immunofluorescence stain of PCNA.

方法热干法制备CCM，传代的大鼠鼓膜上皮KC和FB分别接种于培养板及CCM表面，通过角蛋白、细胞膜波形蛋白免疫荧光染色鉴定细胞特异性，通过细胞核增殖抗原(proliferating Cell nuclear antigen， PCNA)免疫荧光染色测定膜上细胞的增殖能力，通过细胞培养液上清的经脯氨酸测定评价对FB胶原分泌功能的影响。

50% trichloroacetic acid solution was used to ignite the margin of the old tympanic perforation, then MEBO patch was applied on the tympanic membrane.

我们自1993―1997年，应用湿润烧伤膏贴片贴补的方法促进鼓膜愈合，取得满意疗效。现将诊治的43例51只耳的治疗情况总结如下。

Syringing may not be advisable for everyone, for example if you have a perforated eardrum or a history of ear infections.

syringing未必是可取的每一个人，例如，如果您有穿孔的鼓膜或历史的耳朵感染。

Incidentally, this releases the pressure behind the ear drum, and therefore the pain usually disappears.

顺便说一句，这个版本的压力背后的鼓膜，因此通常的疼痛消失了。

I am sure after a few weeks of adaptation and familiarization I will have no difficulty in functioning on a daily basis in an English speaking society or in participating fully in graduate studies.

在大学的三年的学习生活不仅给予我自身的充实，更重要的是磨练和培养了我较强的自觉能力和严谨，踏实的作风以及不怕困难的精神，对未来充满了信心！

As the first volcanoes erupted, one of the gases that bellowed out was steam.

在第一批火山喷发时，喷出的气体之一就是水蒸汽。