预防上

On the basis of the results of predecessors, the author first defines that bribery crim...

在具体的预防手段上本文尝试着将法律经济学的理论引入贿赂犯罪预防中，以成本效益为线索通过制度、刑事立法和司法以及思想等方面的措施来预防贿赂犯罪的发生。

Results: The major findings are:(1) the public held strong belief in the preventability of AIDS/STDs and considered prevention was of greater importance than biomedical interventions,(2) of the possible prevention strategies proposed by the research participants, personal behavior control was deemed as the most ef fective; meanwhile a sense of powerlessness was expressed while mentioning the government's responsibility for keeping the quality of blood supply and managing the potential dangers posed by other people's behavior,(3) condoms were well accepted as an effective tool for AIDS/STDs prevention but were used mostly for the purposes of contraception than HIV/STDs prevention, and (4) people were unwilling to use condom mainly due to sensational and psychological discomforts.

结果：(1)民众多认为爱滋病的「可预防性」极高，且视预防比高科技的解决方式重要；(2)个人行为的控制乃最受民众重视的防治途径；但对政府的血液安全管制及他人行为所可能造成的危害较感无力；(3)民众对保险套之使用持相当肯定之态度，不过曾使用者绝大多数以避孕而非以预防性病为主要目的，男女性在这方面的行为差异极大；(4)身体及心理上的不适与不悦被一般民众指出是保险套使用率低的主要原因，(5)教育程度对民众在预防的认知及信念扮演极重要的角色。

Results: The major findings are:(1)the public held strong belief in the preventability of AIDS/STDs and considered prevention was of greater importance than biomedical interventions,(2)of the possible prevention strategies proposed by the research participants, personal behavior control was deemed as the most effective; meanwhile a sense of powerlessness was expressed while mentioning the government's responsibility for keeping the quality of blood supply and managing the potential dangers posed by other people's behavior,(3)condoms were well accepted as an effective tool for AIDS/STDs prevention but were used mostly for the purposes of contraception than HIV/STDs prevention, and (4)people were unwilling to use condom mainly due to sensational and psychological discomforts.

结果：（1）民众多认为爱滋病的「可预防性」极高，且视预防比高科技的解决方式重要；（2）个人行为的控制乃最受民众重视的防治途径；但对政府的血液安全管制及他人行为所可能造成的危害较感无力；（3）民众对保险套之使用持相当肯定之态度，不过曾使用者绝大多数以避孕而非以预防性病为主要目的，男女性在这方面的行为差异极大；（4）身体及心理上的不适与不税被一般民众指出是保险套使用率低的主要原因，（5）教育程度对民众在预防的认知及信念扮演极重要的角色。

Current primary school educational personnel's behavior in crisis prevention and preparation, and also crisis handling: in the aspect of crisis prevention and preparation, male teachers, with relatively higher educational background, relatively long service term, as principal or administrational supervisor, and middle-scale schools have relatively better performance in terms of crisis prevention and preparation.

五、不同背景变项之国民小学现职教育人员在危机预防与准备和危机处理之表现上：在危机预防与准备的表现上，以男性教师、学历较高者、服务年资较长者、担任学校校长或行政主管者，和中型规模的学校在危机预防与准备上的表现较佳。

Get high purity DCs by Cultured plastic-adherent monocytes isolated from healthy human peripheral blood with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days. To observe the morphology of DCs by inverted phase contrast microscope ,electron microscope and laser confocal microscope. Analyse phenotype of DCs with flow cytometry. Investigate the endocytosis ability of DCs as a group by Horseradish peroxidase endocytosis assay. To appraise allogeneic mixed lymphocytes reaction of DCs by MTT reduction assay. Analyse the levels of IL-12 and TNF in liquids of cultured medium by ELISA and MTT reduction assay respectively. Soluble antigens of HCCs was obtained by 3 freeze-and-thaw cycles. Biological characteristics of HC soluble antigens pulsed DCs were monitored by flow cytometry. According to MTT reduction assay estimated the cell proliferation of self lymphocytes activated by HC antigens pulsed DCs. Get high purity BCG HSP 70 protein by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and determined its biological activity with ELISA. Analyse phenotype of antigen pulsed DCs primed by BCG HSP70 with flow cytometry. By MTT reduction assay estimated the cell proliferation of self lymphocytes and the MLR of DC based vaccine. Analyse expression of HLA-DR molecule on surface of HCC lines. The IFN-γ mRNA in lymphocytes after actived by DC vaccine and the Fas-L expression on DC and DC vaccine primed lymphocytes were detected by in situ hybridization and flow cytometry respectively. Specific cytotoxity lysis of T lymphocytes and nonspecific inhibition of liquids in culture medium against HCC lines were also tested. Detect expression of hAFP on four HCC lines with Cell-ELISA. Induce apoptosis of HCCs with actinomycin-D. Interaction of DCs and apoptotic cells was observed under transmission electron microscope. Growth inhibition test of DC against HCC lines was also performed. Establish the nude mouse model bearing human HC xenografts and indentify the characteristic of tumour by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry techniques. Prevent and treat transplanted human HC on nude mouse with Freezing and anabiotic HC specific lymphocytes.

用GM-CSF和IL-4从健康人外周血诱导DC；分别用倒置相差显微镜、电子显微镜及激光共聚焦显微镜观察DC形态；流式细胞术检测DC表型；HRP吞噬实验测定DC的群体内吞能力；MTT法检测同种异体混合淋巴细胞反应；ELISA法和MTT法分别测定DC培养上清液中IL-12和TNF水平；冻融法制备肝癌细胞可溶性抗原；流式细胞术检测负载肝癌可溶性抗原后DC的生物学特性；MTT法检测DC负载肝癌抗原后对自身淋巴细胞增殖的影响；SDS-PAGE制备电泳纯化BCG HSP70并鉴定纯度，ELISA测定活性；流式细胞术检测负载抗原DC经BCGHSP 70活化后的表型；MTT法检测肝癌DC疫苗对自身淋巴细胞增殖的影响和混合淋巴细胞反应；流式细胞术检测肝癌细胞表面HLA-DR表达；MTT法检测肝癌DC疫苗对自身淋巴细胞的活化；原位杂交法检测肝癌DC疫苗活化后的淋巴细胞IFN-γmRNA表达；流式细胞术检测DC和肝癌DC疫苗活化后淋巴细胞表面Fas-L；MTT法分别检测肝癌DC疫苗活化的淋巴细胞和其培养上清对肝癌细胞的特异性杀伤和非特异性抑制作用；Cell-ELISA检测人肝癌细胞hAFP表达；MTT法检测负载AFP表位肽和凋亡肝癌细胞DC对自身淋巴细胞增殖的影响；ELISA法和MTT法分别测定活化后淋巴细胞培养上清中TNF和IL-12水平；肝癌细胞凋亡的诱导和检测；DC吞噬凋亡肝癌细胞后的电子显微镜观察；DC对肝癌细胞的生长抑制试验；人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤动物模型的建立及其组织学和免疫组织化学鉴定；DC及肝癌特异性淋巴细胞预防和治疗人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤；冻存和复苏后的肝癌特异性淋巴细胞预防和治疗人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤。

But in early resorptive phase in GSB group. The change of BMD, BGP, D-Pyr/Cr and biomechanics index in OVX-PII group were the same as that in OVX-PI group, but the rising range of compressive strength limit in lumbar spine and bend load of femur is bigger than that of JGG, and GSB group. Dynamics osteoblast appeared in large numbers on the surface of os, we can observe the transforming process from osteoblast to osteocyte.

同期预防Ⅱ组的BMD、BGP、尿D-Pyr/Cr及生物力学指标的变化大体维持在预防用药12周时水平，但从数字上看腰椎椎体的压缩强度极限和股骨的弯曲破坏荷载两项的上升幅度均大于健骨颗粒组和骨松宝组，预防II组骨质表面出现成群活跃的成骨细胞，可见成骨细胞往骨细胞转化过程。

A scientific and effective corruption-prevention mechanism must also further promote the co-ordinance of the costs of corruption and anti-corruption, regulate the cost-revenue ratio of corruption and anti-corruption, and urge the civil servants to self-control for the sake of their own interests.

本研究结合当前基层廉政建设实际，以宁波市的腐败预防现状为例，剖析了当前腐败预防机制在精神成本、直接成本、受惩概率、机会成本和法纪成本等五大方面存在的缺失，并在此基础上，提出了推进市场经济机制、廉政教育机制、廉政利益机制、市民参与机制、腐败惩处机制等一系列腐败预防对策，以增强当前腐败预防工作的科学性、经济性与实效性。

The research of general precaution which is helpful to dispel deferences about it and unify various opinions shows remarkable significance. Moreover, the study also strengthens right understanding of both executives and law obseivers, and promote development of general precaution in theory and practice.

对一般预防予以深入研究，对于廓清理论上的迷雾，统一思想上的认识强化立法者、司法者、守法者对一般预防的正确思想，促进一般预防在理论上和实践上的双发展，具有重要的意义。

Folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 are thought to play an important role in cancer prevention.

叶酸，维生素B6和维生素B12一直被认为在癌症的预防上有重要作用。

Public health strategies for violence reduction could consider focusing on the primary and secondary prevention of substance abuse.

减少暴力的公共卫生策略可以考虑集中在药物滥用的一级和二级预防上。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。