静止的

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

Three kinds of BCRC No.51534, 10322 and 10675 would be selected and acted as an experimental sample of Escherichia coli. Results shows that Escherichia coli of No.51534 will appear better performance because the maximum of open circuit voltage, closed current and power density are 1.01V, 22mA and 1342mW/m2, respectively. Concerning the effect of culture time with respect to different phase type on the electricity performance of MFCs, the time points on the intersection between lag phase and logarithmic phase, the middle of point of stationary phase for growth curve of Escherichia coli would appear a good performance of MFCs. In addition, the BCRC No. 51534 Escherichia coli possessing a better performance of MFCs than others would be suggested and applied to further studying. Comparison with the performance of MFCs with respect to electron mediator under different mole number, result shows that electron mediator of methylene blue with 4.63mM would appear a better electricity performance of MFCs than others. Concerning the different material of proton exchange membrane with PTFE-Nafion, Nafion 211, 212 and 117 with respect to the performance of MFCs, result shows that the Nafion 117 applied in MFCs will have a better performance of MFCs than other cases. Finally, the effect of molar concentration on the performance of MFCs would be expected at the studied cases of 0.4M, 0.2M, 0.1M and 0.05M respectively for cathode oxidant, result shows that a good performance of MFCs will happen at the condition of 0.2M. Those observations will be useful to improvement of MFCs in the further study.

於上述电池系统条件下，进行大肠杆菌生长曲线、电子传递介质、质子交换膜、电极与阴极氧化剂对电池电性效能分析；选择编号10322、10675与51534之大肠杆菌为实验菌株，依定量培养之生长曲线取出代表不同时生长特性时期的培养时间，利用亚甲基蓝作为电子传递介质进行实验分析从所测得的电量进行分析，以编号51534之大肠杆菌的微生物燃料电池有最大的开路电压为1.01V及最大闭路电流为22mA；当极化曲线中电压为0.47V、电流为11.4 mA时有最大的功率密度为1342 mW/m2；加以负载有平均工作功率密度294 mW/m2；从生长曲线与电性效能来分析，得知生长曲线的迟滞期与对数期的转变点与静止期的中间点有最佳电性效能表现；对於加入不同莫耳数之电子传递介质methylene blue、neutral red与thionine之电池效能表现，则以加入4.63mM methylene blue电子传递介质的电池有较佳平均功率密度230 mW/m2；另对於质子交换膜PTFE-Nafion、Nafion 211、Nafion 212与Nafion 117之电池效能表现，以Nafion 117质子交换膜的电池有较佳平均功率密度340 mW/m2；对於分析加入不同莫耳数浓度0.4M、0.2M、0.1M与0.05M的阴极氧化剂之电池效能，则以0.2M的阴极氧化剂的电池可得到较佳平均功率密度429 mW/m2。

Among his examples are vampire bats tuned to extract blood from large slumbering mammals and bats that aim instead for the warm breast plates of birds; New World leeches that track their hosts through the water and Old World leeches that relentlessly stalk down blood bearers on land; the notorious vampire finches of the Galapagos that daintily peck open dribbling wounds on the hindquarters of blue-footed boobies; and the candiru, tiny, eel-like catfish that are reputed to have the power to swim up a person's urethra and suck blood from the bladder and thus are often more feared than their fellow river dwellers, the piranhas.

他举的例子有自静止状态的大型哺乳动物吸血的吸血蝙蝠，与转而瞄准鸟儿温暖胸脯的蝙蝠；西半球的水蛭透过水来找寄主，东半球的水蛭在陆地上无情追踪带血的对象；加拉巴哥群岛恶名昭彰的吸血鸣鸟一点一滴优美地在蓝脚鲣鸟的尾部啄出伤口；还有短小鳗形的寄生鲶，以直接游入人类尿道从膀胱吸血而知名，因此比同条河里的食人鱼更令人畏惧。

Now,as far as the muscles and legs concerned.co-upset the front,hamstering and back,caps down here the main groups in your leg,you gonna need to foucus on,all right,simple co-upright stretch.I'm sure you all see this before,find some spots on the ground to focus on, like your eyes staired,hold this for about 20 seconds so,do the same to the other leg,hamstering certain seconds,you can do it several times,there you have to stretch several muscle in your body,you can do launches like this,stretch co-upset but also certain area of your caps and your hamsterings theother legs as well.

我们大腿有三个部分你需要注意。这些伸展运动，我相信，在此之前你们都看过这些动作，首先你可以注视前面空地的某一个地方，比如说你可以注视左前方，将你的一条腿抬起来，保持静止。这个动作保持20秒，你的右前腿也重复同样的动作。轻捶你的腿，你可以对不同的腿的部位轻捶。你需要伸展退步的肌肉，你可以这样开始做伸展腿部的肌肉还有小腿的部位，另一条腿做同样的动作。

A washer has a body having an axis and provided with a first bearing face surface located at one axial side and adapted to cooperate with a nut, a second bearing face surface located at an opposite axial side and adapted to cooperate with an object, at least one third turning resistant surface adapted to cooperate with a thread of the bolt, the body having at least one resistive point arranged so that when the nut is turned and turns the bolt the body of the washer stops the bolt from turning and thereby the nut creates a pull on the bolt which elongates the bolt in an axial direction and applies to the body of the washer an axial force which overcomes the at least one resistive point so that a portion of the body of the washer is allowed to be pulled axially when the bolt elongates.

一种放在螺帽与物体之间的垫圈，螺帽与螺栓螺纹连接，螺栓插入在包括两个装配的部件的物体内，垫圈具有主体，和设有第一支承面表面，位于一个轴向侧面和与螺帽配合，第二支承面表面，位于相对的轴向侧面和与物体配合，以及至少一个第三转动阻力表面，与螺栓的螺纹配合，从而使螺帽以给定的扭矩在一个方向转动同时垫圈的主体沿相对方向接收给定的力时，仅有螺帽转动，以紧固或松开螺栓，而垫圈的主体和螺栓保持静止。

Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon. The north and south winds met where the house stood, and made it the exact center of the cyclone. In the middle of a cyclone the air is generally still, but the great pressure of the wind on every side of the house raised it up higher and higher, until it was at the very top of the cyclone; and there it remained and was carried miles and miles away as easily as you could carry a feather.

他们的房子无疑就变成了狂啸龙卷风的中心地带，在通常情况下，在重心部位，空气是不流动的，但是受来自四面八方的狂风的巨大压力的影响房子越飞越高，一直到达龙卷风的风顶，它就在最后的高度上静止了，被风刮到一个特别遥远的地方，犹如飘落一根细小的羽毛，不费吹灰之力。

Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,"Doubtless," said I,"what it utters is its only stock and store, Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore- Till the dirges of his Hope that melancholy burden bore Of 'Never- nevermore'."

在被答复打破的静止震惊如此的适当口语，&无疑地&，我说，&它发出什么是它的唯一存货和商店，捕捉从一些不快乐的主人谁不慈悲的灾祸快速地跟随而且更快速地跟随直到他的歌负担烦扰-直到他的忧郁负担烦扰的希望挽歌'从不-决不再'。&

Other conclusion include: the trip of transient protection must be locked when the power circuit breaker of transimission line operated,because the trip is incorrect at this time;the features of transient current and its energy is different between the fault and thunder over- voltage in transimission line,and them can be identified;the ratio of high frequency component of current in serise capaciters compensation line , SVC and HVDC system is far little than fault transient current, so all of them do not affect the working of trasient current protection.

研究了在串联补偿电容的输电线路上发生故障时，串联补偿电容的MOV非线性保护电路对暂态保护的影响。串补电容MOV保护电路的非线性电流高频分量含量很小。静止补偿器、高压直流输电系统换流器的非线性特性产生的谐波分量含量极少。仿真计算表明，在与暂态保护判据中高频分量对应的频率范围内，其电流对应的功率谱估计值大大低于线路故障时故障电流的功率谱估计值，因此它们都不会对暂态电流保护的正常工作产生影响。

The point doses at the inferior beam edge for the two energies were 31.2% and 32.4%, respectively. There were 47-54% dose increase for superior beam edge and 37.6-35.2% dose decrease for inferior beam edge, as compared to the 50% field edge dose with the static dose distribution. There were 8.5 and 7.5 mm range increase for superior beam penumbras and 5.5 and 4.5 mm range increase for inferior beam penumbras, an important result corresponding to treatment volume.

结果：以正常人的平均值为例，在一个照射时距内，使用6 MV及18 MV光子射束， 10X10cm2照野10cm深度之中心轴下，照野上缘的剂量，分别为照野中心点剂量的73.5 %及77.2 %，照野下缘的剂量则分别为中心点剂量的31.2 %及 32.4 %，此剂量反映出因治疗中的呼吸位移，造成照野上缘较照野中心点有47 –54 %的剂量增加，及照野下缘有37.6 %- 35.2 %的剂量减少，相对照於静止态下照野边缘为中心点50 %剂量的状态。

Mark a point on the steering wheel cover that is longitudinally and transversely, as measured along the surface of the steering wheel cover, within ±6 mm (±0.2 in) of the point that is defined by the intersection of the steering wheel cover and a line between the volumetric center of the smallest volume that can encompass the folded undeployed air bag and the volumetric center of the static fully inflated air bag.

S26.2.2 在方向盘面上划一点作记号，这个点是在沿方向盘的表面测量而确定的。这个点的位置由方向盘表面和能装下未充气折叠气囊最小空间的中心与静止状态下充分冲气气囊的空间中心之间的一条线所交叉的那个点来确定。前面的那个记号点在这个交叉点的纵横±6 mm (±0.2 in)处。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。