雨带

With respect to the frequently-occurring zone and some relative concentration regions within the zone of meso-scale systems, a new point of view is posed by case study. It′s pointed out that the zone basically corresponds to meiyu front and its accompanying cloud and rain belt, or so-called warm and moisture tongue and LLJ etc.

4对中尺度系统的多发带及带上的相对集中区，利用个例分析提出了新的看法，指出，前者与通常的梅雨锋云雨带，高温高湿带以及LLJ等基本相一致。

Both the departure field of the mean atmospheric circula tion in summer in flood years and the correlation field between the summer mean atmospheric circulation in East Asia and the number of summer equivalent torre ntial rain days in the Beijing area possess the main characteristics of the mean circulation pattern for the torrential rain process in North China.

吴广仁等[2 ]根据降水距平场相似程度，给出了我国东部雨带的 4种分布型，并指出西太平洋副高位置对雨带分型有决定性作用，北京夏季降水正常或偏多时，是属于其中的黄淮东型和黄河河套型。

This indicates that the importance of surface friction on the structure of front in boundary layer. Probably this is the first time that the structure similar to the gravity current is obtained in deformation frontogenesis model. On the problem of moist physical processes on the frontal rainbands, by using the explicit cloud physical scheme in cloud model the interactions of cloud scale processes with the frontogenetical circulation are studied emphatically.

在湿物理过程对锋面的影响以及锋面雨带产生问题上，利用云模式的显式云物理方案处理湿物理过程，在考虑到大尺度气流影响的情况下，着重研究中尺度和云尺度过程与锋生环流的相互作用，讨论了变形场锋生条件下锋面雨带的发生发展规律。

The locomotive direction of typhoon was the same with that of the most intense spiral rainband.

食指状和"人"字形的外螺旋雨带、螺旋雨带最大回波强度区的移动与台风前进方向一致。

Results The result show that the coupling scheme 1 to the coupling scheme 3 has the better effect on the short-range forecast of the heavy rain, and the coupling scheme 1 is the best one.

结果主要雨带位置对参数化方案并不是十分敏感，但模拟的暴雨中心强度、范围、雨带走向随参数化方案的不同有较大变化，甚至出现虚假的强降水中心。

The results show that the RIEMS can simulate the pattem and seasonal cycle of standard deviation of surface temperature and precipitation.

第一部分是检验RIEMS模式对东亚地区十年平均气候状况的模拟能力，结果表明，RIEMS模式能够较好地模拟出不同季节温度(包括平均温度、最高温度、最低温度)的空间分布和季节变化以及不同区域温度的年变化；无论是平均温度，还是最高温度、最低温度，模式模拟季平均和月平均温度与观测之间偏差大约一般在1-2℃，这与IPCC(2001)报告中报告的在区域尺度10〓-10〓KM，季平均温度偏差在1-2℃较为一致；模式能够较好地模拟降水的空间分布特征和季节变化以及不同区域平均降水的年变化，同时，也能够较好地模拟出雨带季节性的演变，但模拟的雨带位置较观测偏北，大约为2-3纬度；就季节而言，模式模拟最好的季节为冬季，较差的季节为夏季；模式基本上能够较好的模拟出不同季节平均海平面气压场的空间分布以及东亚地区的湿润和干旱分布规律的干旱指数的空间分布。

The first part is to assess whether RIEMS has ability to reproduce ten-years averaged mean climate in East Asia.The results demonstrate that RIEMS is capable to reproduce the patterns and seasonal cycle of temperature(mean temperature/maximal temperature/minimal temperature), precipitation, sea level pressure and arid index as well as the rain belt evolution.The simulated seasonal and monthly averaged temperature biases are generally in the range of 1-2℃,which are consistent with IPCC(200 1)report. Although model can reproduce the seasonal cycle and time evolution of precipitation, the simulated rain belt has northwards shift of 2-3 degree.

第一部分是检验RIEMS模式对东亚地区十年平均气候状况的模拟能力，结果表明，RIEMS模式能够较好地模拟出不同季节温度(包括平均温度、最高温度、最低温度)的空间分布和季节变化以及不同区域温度的年变化；无论是平均温度，还是最高温度、最低温度，模式模拟季平均和月平均温度与观测之间偏差大约一般在1-2℃，这与IPCC(2001)报告中报告的在区域尺度10〓-10〓KM，季平均温度偏差在1-2℃较为一致；模式能够较好地模拟降水的空间分布特征和季节变化以及不同区域平均降水的年变化，同时，也能够较好地模拟出雨带季节性的演变，但模拟的雨带位置较观测偏北，大约为2-3纬度；就季节而言，模式模拟最好的季节为冬季，较差的季节为夏季；模式基本上能够较好的模拟出不同季节平均海平面气压场的空间分布以及东亚地区的湿润和干旱分布规律的干旱指数的空间分布。

From June to August in our country the main rain belt location of view, in 75% of the El Nino years, the location of summer rain belt in the River, Huai River Basin.

从我国6-8月主要雨带位置来看，在75%的厄尔尼诺年内，夏季雨带位置在江、淮流域。

China lies on the region of East-Asia monsoon, the topography of it is complex, many factors effects the variety of the rain-band, so the research of the variety and forecast of the rain belt is very difficult.

中国位于东亚季风区，地形条件比较复杂，夏季雨带的变化受多种因素的影响，因此，雨带的变化及预测研究一直比较困难。

Using the precipitation of the Indian summer monsoon onset process by the method of EOF expansion, the following conclusions can be found. The onset of the monsoon is mainly seen as the augmentation of precipitation and the rapid advance of monsoon rain belt with sudden change in the distribution of its space and time.

用南亚夏季风爆发前后的降水量资料作了经验正交函数分解，分析表明，南亚夏季风的爆发主要体现在降水的突然增加和季风雨带的快速推进上，雨带的时空分布有突变的特点。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。