阻尼法

For the raft, an isoparametric element method and VoigtKelvin model are adopted, which can be used to derive viscoelastic element stiffness matrices, a reform of successive approximation of Rayleigh Quotient is used to solve the eigenvalue problem of the composite structure.

对于筏架结构，采用Voiget-Kelvin模型及等参元法，推导了约束阻尼层单元的刚度阵及将Rayleigh商的迭代步骤加以改进的方法来进行特征分析；对于艇体结构与声学介质耦合部分，采用艇体结构的"干"模态作坐标变换。

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

In the analysis, a nonlinear wave vibration equation of the thin cylindrical shell including damping and items due to geometric nonlinearities was established and then transformed by Galerkin's method. With different combinations of modes different nonlinear differential equations in modal coordinates were obtained. The Runge Kutta method was used to solve the equations numerically and some features of nonlinear wave vibration were discussed.

在研究过程中，首先，考虑阻尼并引入几何非线性项，建立薄壁圆柱壳的非线性波动方程，然后，采用Galerkin方法对波动方程进行转换，选取不同的模态组合，得到相应模态坐标下的非线性微分方程，最后用Runge-Kutta法进行数值计算并对圆柱壳的非线性波动振动特性进行了分析。

Afterward, vibration equations of bundle conductors system which consider the effects of spacer dampers are derived(including transcendental function and plural), the vibration frequencies and modes of bundle conductors system are got by solving the transcendental eigenvalues of these equations. Then the amplitude ratio of each spacer dampers to sub-conductors are got, so bundle conductors can be exactly solved with the application of energy balance method as single-conductor.

然后，推导出了考虑阻尼间隔棒阻抗影响的分裂导线体系的振动方程组，通过求解超越特征值得到分裂导线的振动频率和模态，得到各间隔棒、各段子导线的振幅比，从而使分裂导线可以象单导线一样应用能量平衡法进行精细求解。

The effect of SBS and vermiculite on damping property was analysized.

结合正交试验法研究了主要影响因素对阻尼性能的影响，并进行了实际降噪模拟测试。

In addition, the anomaly law of the advanced detection of water-bearing structures with other shape is studied; and concept of equivalent sphere is raised. A fast inversion method is designed on the base of the analytical formula of the spheriform structures detection in the whole space.

最后，利用物理模型试验验证了有限元数值正演方法和阻尼最小二乘反演技术的可行性和有效性，为实际工程中含水构造的直流电法超前预报奠定了基础。

Under the condition of knowing trolly"s relation datas, the wire rop-load modle taking its load as the study object, using D"Alembert"s Principle and Hybrid method, solves out the mathematical expression of wire rop"s traction while settig the hiost speed; The elctronic motor-drum modle"s build up is attracted to the elctronic motor"s torque, and combines with the wire rop traction"s role on drum, only pay attation to the coupling"s flexibility and damping, which is between the elctronic motor and the reducer. The theory of transmission equations establishment is in Project Vibration.

钢丝绳—吊重模型是在小车运行机构的相关数据均已知的情况下，以吊重为研究对象，利用达朗伯原理和动静法，在假定起升速度已知后求解出钢丝绳牵引力的表达式；电动机到卷筒部分的模型则是建立在电动机输入转矩形式已知的基础上，结合钢丝绳牵引力作用在卷筒上的工作阻力矩，只考虑电动机与减速箱之间的联轴器的弹性阻尼，利用工程振动原理建立传动方程。

The adaptive nonlinear damping and changing energy function are used to counteract the effects of the unmodeled dynamics and unknown bounded disturbances on the system.

针对一类重要的多输入多输出非线性参数化系统提出了一种新的鲁棒自适应控制器的设计方法，采用自适应非线性阻尼和变能量函数法来抑制未建模动态和扰动对系统的影响。

The dynamics equation is established using Lagrange method, and the formula of free frequency is deduced according to modality analysis of general viscous damp. Instantaneous wallops are applied to X, Z dimension respectively, observing the movement of the moving platform, and use ADAMS software to validate the free frequency of the system.

采用Lagrange方程建立了系统动力学方程，根据一般粘性阻尼系统的模态分析法，推导了求解固有振型的公式；分别在X、Z方向上施加一定的瞬时冲击力，观察动平台的运动情况，并采用ADAMS软件验证系统的固有频率。

This company produces the manometry instrumentation fittings mainly for: a variety of joints manometer components; a variety of stainless steel diaphragm flange; various thermometer overall jacket; a variety of health-based physical access divide; a variety of over-voltage protection, and damper , needle valve, one valve, two valves, three valves, five valves, pressure switches, etc. all fittings Valves; a variety of pressure gauges associated radiator fittings and other precision instrumentation.

本公司生产的测压仪表配件主要为：各种压力表的接头部件；各种不锈钢隔膜法兰；各种温度计整体护套；各种卫生型隔膜接体；各种过压保护器、阻尼器、针阀、一阀、二阀、三阀、五阀、压力开关等阀类的所有配件；各种与压力表配套的散热器等精密仪器仪表配件。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。