阅读材料

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快速阅读四大方法在阅读英语材料时或是在考试过程中有很多人感到自己的阅读速度实在是跟不上需要，有些朋友就认为是自己的英语基础不行，然后就拼命的背单词，其实如果能够用正确的方法进行快速阅读训练的话，即使在原有的基。。。

"Chinese children's growth must read" to the initial reading ability and the knowledge base have yet to build up young children to read objects, including the children are most curious, most interested in understanding the mysteries of the universe, animal the world, historical records, children's fables and other types of encyclopedic knowledge, natural science, humanities, are the main areas covered, in the full and comprehensive knowledge of structure, to new ideas, new materials, new results for the selection of the standard , and strive to provide the best spiritual nourishment to our children, our future society is designed to open a new owner of the window fan to see the world, build a vessel about to sail the knowledge of marine vessels.

"中国儿童成长必读书"以初步具备阅读能力而知识基础尚未搭建起来的幼童为阅读对象，内容包括孩子们最感好奇、最有兴趣了解的宇宙奥秘、动物世界、历史记载、童话寓言等百科全书式的各类知识领域，自然科学、人文科学的主要领域均有涉及，在完整、全面的知识结构内，以新观点、新材料、新成果为选择标准，力求提供最好的精神营养给我们的孩子们，旨在为我们未来社会的新主人打开一扇扇看世界的窗子，打造一艘艘即将扬帆远航知识海洋的船只。

Like Edmund Gosse, I had been deprived of reading what was going on in the world, as the bible was supposed to be our main reading material.

由於圣经应该是我们主要阅读的材料，我曾被剥夺阅读这世界正在发生甚麼事的权利，这也和艾得蒙E高斯（Edmund Gosse，英国作家）一样。

A device for reading materials in microform, such as microfilm and microfiche.

显微阅读器用以阅读缩微成像，如缩微胶卷和缩微平片上的材料的仪器

The best class I ever took," says Christopher Campbell,"was speed-reading. I not only increased my words per minute but also learned to look at a book's table of contents, graphs and pictures first. Then, when I began to read, I had a sense of the material, and I retained a lot more.

我所上的最好的课是快速阅读，"克里斯托弗·坎贝尔说："我不仅扩大了每分钟阅读的词汇量，而且还学会了首先查看一本书的目录、图表和图片，因此，当我开始阅读时，我对要读的材料已经有了一定的了解，阅读后记住比别人多得多的内容。

No significant results are found on the interaction of language and format to reading comprehension and eye movement indexes.2. For one-, two- and three-column texts, no significant differences are found on reading comprehension indexes but among such indexes as saccade length, number of within-line and multiple-line regression. Compared with two- and three-column text, one-column text is the best. Moreover, the number of fixation, fixation frequency, fixation duration and total regression numbers of one-column text are also better.

语种和开本在阅读理解指标与眼动指标上的交互效应均不显著。2一栏、二栏、三栏设计材料在阅读理解指标上没有显著差异，但在眼跳距离、行内与行间回视次数上有显著差异，表现为一栏最优，且一栏设计材料的注视次数、注视频率、注视点持续时间和总回视次数等眼动指标都优于二栏、三栏材料。

No significant differences appeared between two-column texts and one-column texts on reading comprehension index, but on such indexes as total regression and within-line regression. The number of fixation, fixation frequency and fixation duration of two-column texts are better than one-column texts.

二栏设计与一栏设计材料在阅读理解指标上没有显著差异，但在总回视和行内回视指标上显著占优，此外，二栏设计材料的注视次数、注视频率、注视点持续时间等指标都优于一栏设计材料。

Pragmatic presupposition determines the choice of information focus and its position in a sentence,organizes the discourse into a coherent whole,concise,clear and smooth,and achieves the expected stylistic effects.in college english teaching,if teachers teach the knowledge about pragmatic presupposition in listening teaching,introduce the frequently-seen patterns of presupposition, increase the presuppositional sensitivity of students to certain words and structures,guide students to use the theory on presuppositional information to make forecasts on base of written listening material,listen purposefully,and get rid of the distraction of the minor and redundant information,the ability of students to obtain major information and linguistic inference will be strengthened and their listening competence will improve remarkably.george yule divided presuppositional triggers into factive presupposition,non-factive presupposition,counter-factive presupposition,existential presupposition,lexical presupposition and structural presupposition.presuppositional triggers are helpful for us to understand the true intention of the speaker or writer.in college english reading teaching,if teachers introduce the discourse organizing function of pragmatic presupposition and the relevant presupposition triggers,and teach students to use these triggers to communicate with the writer,the comprehension competence of students will be greatly enhanced.the essential function of presupposition is to build a framework for the further development of discourse.in college english writing teaching,teachers can use the theory on pragmatic presupposition to construct a handy training program for textual organization,increase the textual coherence, economy and structural perfection of the english writings by students.in college english translation teaching,teachers should focus on developing the pragmatic presuppositional thinking of students,enable them to grasp the presupposed information in source text / speech exactly,understand the original thoroughly,correctly reorganize and reproduce the pragmatic presuppositions in the target language,carry out the functional equivalence in translation and successfully realize the smooth and accurate communication.with the instruction of pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,the complete understanding and integral acquisition of english and chinese of students will come true.in conclusion,to implement the curriculum requirements for college english teaching promulgated by the ministry of education of china,we should emphasize the instruction of the theory on pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,carry it through from beginning to end.it's one of the important means to realize the college english teaching reform, improve the effects of college english teaching,strengthenr the practical and integrative language abilities of students,in order to cultivate the compound talents to adapt to the global integration and meet the requirements of the reform and opening in china.

在大学英语教学中，教师将语用预设知识贯穿于听力教学过程中，讲授一些常出现的预设类型，提高学生对一些特定的词语和结构的预设敏感度，引导学生运用预设信息理论对听力文字材料进行预测，有的放矢，排除次要、冗余信息的干扰，增强获取主要信息的能力和语言推理能力，从而提。。。更多高学生的听力理解水平。george yule将预设触发语分为事实预设、非事实预设、反事实预设、存在预设、词汇预设和结构预设，触发语有助于我们在阅读当中理解作者的真正用意。在大学英语阅读教学中，介绍语用预设的语篇组织功能和有关的预设触发语，并利用触发语来与作者进行交流，会极大地提高阅读理解能力。预设的基本功能就是为语篇的进一步发展建立一个框架。利用语用预设理论可以为大学英语写作教学构建一个易于操作的篇章组织训练方法，提高学生英语写作的语篇连贯性，经济性和结构优化。在大学英语翻译教学中，注重培养学生的语用预设思维，准确把握源语的前提信息，透彻理解原文，使语用预设在目的语中正确重组和再现，实现翻译的功能对等，交际的流畅性和准确性，并增强学生对英汉双语的全面性认识和整体性习得。综上所述，为更好地贯彻和实施教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，在大学英语教学中重视语用预设理论的传授，使语用预设贯穿于大学英语教学的始终，是实现大学英语教学改革的重要手段，改善大学英语教学效果，增强学生的实用综合语言能力，培养符合全球一体化趋势，适应改革开放要求的复合型人才。

The results are as follows:1. The indexes such as reading speed, reading efficiency, the number of fixation and multiple-line regression of 1/16 format texts are significantly better than those of 1/32 format texts.

本研究结果显示：1大开本(1／16开本)设计材料在阅读速度、阅读效率、注视次数和行间回视次数等指标上均显著优于小开本(1／32开本)材料。

Turning our attention to difficult sentences, we felt that 'Lombroso and Ferrero, to whom criminal men were biologically less evolved, saw women as being less evolved than men and closer to primitive types and argued that natural selection had bred out their criminal tendencies' (third paragraph on page 16 of the reading) was rather complex and a possible stumbling block.

把我们的注意力转向困难语句，我们认为&龙波舒和费立诺，认为那些犯罪的男性在生物学上进化较少，认为女性比男性进化更少，接近于原始类型，认为自然选择剔除了他们的犯罪倾向。&（阅读材料第十六页第三段）相当复杂，是一个可能的障碍。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。