锥骨

The raw data was processed by using axial, coronal and double oblique multi-planar reformation; Images obtained were graded in terms of quality with a 5-point scale(5=excellent, 4=good, 3=fair, 2=poor, and 1=nondiagnostic). In grading image quality at axial MPR, The radiologic specialists focused on the subarcuate fossa, tendon of tensor tympani, facial recess, vestibular aqueduct and pyramidal eminence, In grading image quality at coronal MPR, attention was given to the scute, crista transversa, fenestra cochleae, lateral malleal ligament and snake eyes signature of cranial nerve, In the grading of the image quality at double oblique MPR, the radiologic specialists concentrated on the malleus, incus, stirrup bone, upper bony semicircular and aquaeductus fallopii, and then to implement statistical analysis. In order to choose the minimum tube current values and the maximum pitch that can satisfy the diagnosis request, image quality of axial, coronal and double oblique reformation images was compared with different tube current groups. 15 ears of volunteers were used to test the validity with the scanning parameter. Subsequently noise, MTF and dose length product were measured by phantoms in different tube current and pitch, the parameters obtained were compared and taken into statistics analysis.

扫描模式使用临床常用的颞骨螺旋扫描方式：管电压120 kV，准直宽度20×0.6 mm，视野200 mm，重建矩阵512×512，旋转时间1 s/r，重建层厚0.6 mm，重建间隔0.3 mm，分别改变管电流(380、300、200、160、120和80 mA)和螺距(0.8、1.0和1.2)进行扫描和重建，然后对颞骨进行横断面、冠状面和双斜面多平面重组，于重组后的横断层面图像上选取弓形下窝、鼓膜张肌腱、面神经隐窝、前庭导水管和锥隆起5个解剖结构，冠状面重组图像上选取盾板、横嵴、蜗窗、面神经的蛇眼征和锤骨外侧韧带5个解剖结构，双斜面重组图像上选取锤骨、砧骨、镫骨、上骨半规管和面神经管5个解剖结构，在双盲的情况下由放射学专家分别对各管电流和螺距下扫描的重组图像进行评分，随后进行统计学处理，从中筛选出满足诊断要求的最低管电流值和最大的螺距，分别采用患者25例(15耳)用该管电流值和螺距验证其可行性；然后利用模体分别测试各管电流和螺距下的图像的空间分辨率、噪声及其剂量长度积，并对测试所得参数数值进行比较和统计学处理。

Methods Twenty-two pieces of temporal bone were taken for this study. The mastoid cavity was opened, scutum removed,"bridge" broken down, posterior wall of external auditory canal abraded and the related anatomic structures were fully exposed. The distance between the origin of facial nerve canal and the anterior border of round window （ OOFNC-ABORW ）, between the highest point of the facial nerve canal and the bottom of posterior mastoid sinus,and between the stapes head and round window niche was measured under operating microscope.

方法取成人颞骨22侧（左右各11侧），用耳科钻磨开乳突腔，去上鼓室盾板、断"桥"，磨低骨性外耳道后壁，充分暴露相关结构，在手术显微镜下测量面神经管垂直段起始部前缘至圆窗龛前缘的距离、面神经管最高点与后鼓室底壁之间的距离、锥隆起的高度（即锥隆起基底到锥隆起顶端的距离）、镫骨头至圆窗龛前缘的距离。

The original costume was recovered by the imagine that according to spicula and some other clothes-made tools came up of land.

原始服饰根据出土的骨针、骨锥等制衣工具想象复原的。

Pyramidal eminence and chordal eminence should not be lowly abraded in order to avoid damaging the musculus stapedius and chorda tympani nerve when dealing with a facial recess lesion.

术中处理面神经隐窝病变时勿随意磨低锥隆起及鼓索隆起，以免损伤面神经镫骨肌支及鼓索神经。

ResultsDistances between pyramidal eminence and chordal eminence and the facial canal were 3.22±0.41mm and 3.59±0.48mm, and length of the tympanic chorda posterior tubules was 9.44±1.65mm. Distances between pyramid segment of the facial canal and chordal eminence, lateral semicircular canal and posterior semicircular canal were 3.34mm±0.42mm, 1.54±0.25mm and 2.15±0.29mm, respectively.

结果颞骨标本解剖观察结果，锥隆起至鼓索隆起的距离（3.22±0.41）mm、锥隆起至面神经管直线距离（3.59±0.48）mm、鼓索后小管的长度（9.44±1.65）mm；面神经管锥曲至鼓索隆起间的距离（3.34±0.42）mm、面神经锥曲至水平半规管距离（1.54±0.25）mm、面神经锥曲至后半规管距离（2.15±0.29）mm。

Results: Through the facial recess approach, the pyramidal eminence .canal of facial nerve, incudostapedial joint, base of stapes, cochleariform process .round window niche and promontorium tympani were all visible from different directions.

结果：经面神经隐窝入路从不同的角度可清楚地看到锥隆起、面神经管凸、砧镫关节、镫骨底板、匙突、圆窗龛及鼓岬等主要结构。

Deformed nasal bony vault can be corrected by proper nasal osteotomies via internal continuous or external perforated method.

变形的骨性鼻锥部可由鼻内连续性或鼻外穿透性的鼻骨切开术加以矫正。

Methods:Retrospectively analyzed 78 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage with minimally invasive therapy,including 51 cases of small bone window hematoma surgery,27 cases of trephining urokinase hematoma drainage surgery.

回顾性分析78例高血压脑出血患者的微创治疗，其中51例行小骨窗血肿清除术，27例行锥颅注入尿激酶引流血肿术。

Results: To carry out evaluation By ADL:Among 51 cases of small bone window hematoma,25 cases of good,light residual 17 cases,three cases of severe disability,six cases of death;Among 27 cases of trephining urokinase hematoma drainage,12 cases of good,light residue 9 cases,2 cases of severe disability,4 cases of death.

结果：按ADL进行疗效评价：行小骨窗血肿清除术治疗51例中良好25例，轻残17例，重残3例，死亡6例；行锥颅注入尿激酶引流血肿术治疗27例中良好12例，轻残9例，重残2例，死亡4例。

Methods Twenty-two pieces of temporal bone were taken for this study. The mastoid cavity was opened, scutum removed,"bridge" broken down, posterior wall of external auditory canal abraded and the related anatomic structures were fully exposed. The distance between the origin of facial nerve canal and the anterior border of round window （ OOFNC-ABORW ）, between the highest point of the facial nerve canal and the bottom of posterior mastoid sinus,and between the stapes head and round window niche was measured under operating microscope.

方法取成人颞骨22侧（左右各11侧），用耳科钻磨开乳突腔，去上鼓室盾板、断&桥&，磨低骨性外耳道后壁，充分暴露相关结构，在手术显微镜下测量面神经管垂直段起始部前缘至圆窗龛前缘的距离、面神经管最高点与后鼓室底壁之间的距离、锥隆起的高度（即锥隆起基底到锥隆起顶端的距离）、镫骨头至圆窗龛前缘的距离。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。