钩环

Bent-gate carabiners are designed for fast, easy clip-ins. They're used on the rope end of quick draws.

弯口钩环能够很快速又轻易的把绳子扣入，常用在快扣的挂绳端。

I awoke to the sound of carabiners on rock. As I got my shoulders out of my sleeping bag and blinked the dryness off of my contacts, I barely made out a form climbing the outer face of the Texas Flake. Check that. It was one of the Frenchmen and he was jumaring up the face. What's more, he was jumaring up our rope.

被钩环和石头的碰撞声吵醒，我的肩膀在睡袋外面，睡眼惺忪的润湿隐形眼镜，我几乎没办法分辨Texas Flake外面是谁在攀登，后来看清楚些，原来是其中一个法国人用犹玛爬上这岩壁，还有，他是在爬我们的绳子。

In certain situations where the risk of a fall is reduced (top roping, glacier travel…), two locking carabiners may be used to tie in.

用两个带锁钩环套进座带可以减少某些情况下（上方攀登、冰河旅行。。。）墬落时的危险。

Locking-type): Locking carabiners come in screw-type and auto-lock models.

保险钩环：有旋转型及自动确保型，用在确保或垂降，每个pitch的第一个bolt，及重要的地方。

To hold a fall, keep the rope in a 'Z' position. To pay the rope out, bring the live and dead ends parallel (in this position the belay device is redundant as the rope is only passing round a krab) and pull the live rope through.

绳子维持Z字就可以停止坠落，给绳时，确保器两边的绳子平行（这个位置确保器是多余的，绳子只是绕过钩环而已），攀爬者和确保器之间的的绳子往上拉。

The reassuring action of putting the rope through a karabiner (that is attached to a piece of pro).

一个保护安全动作：当攀登途中；将身上的主绳挂入可开口的钩环中。

5 A route shall be considered successfully completed if it has been climbed in accordance with the existing rules and if the rope has been clipped from a legitimate position into the karabiner on the final quickdraw.

当攀登符合先锋比赛之规则与规定，且自正当位置将绳索确实地扣入最后快扣组之钩环内，应视为路线完攀。

Without a hammer it is difficult to test a fixed peg but a reasonable test is to loosely hold a krab in two fingers and tap it on the peg, the sound it makes will indicate whether it is safe.

没有鎚子很难测试钉好的peg，但有一个合理的测试方式，用两只指头松松地拿著钩环，在peg上轻拍，发出的声音会指出安全与否。

If the lower off is a sling do not, under any circumstances, lower from the sling itself, add a krab.

如果确保站是一条扁带任何情况都不要从扁带下降，加个钩环再说。

If the climb is so steep that you cannot retrieve the quick draws, clip a krab or quick draw from your harness to the climbing rope to keep you into the cliff. Be careful removing the last one because you could take your belayer with you as you swing out.

如果攀爬路线很陡，取不到快扣，座带和绳子之间挂个钩环或快扣，你就可以靠近峭壁，取最后一个快扣要小心，因为你荡出去可能会把确保者也带出去。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。