通俗文化

That is to say, we could draw a conclusion through the comparison of different editions of drum words of Two Degrees Plum in Qing Dynasty Republic of China with the form, content and thought of novel, and the comparison of the form, content and thought with different editions of drum words. Our conclusion is that different type of edition of the drum words in latter Qing Dynasty times, which basically followed the traditional modes of past drum words from the formality, but the ideological content could directly reflect the vicissitudes of society and idea at that time with the times changed. The different types of texts of drum words had directly reflected the traditional entertainment involving talking and singing entertainer's thoughts (they represented the first floor people's thoughts at that time), and also had directly reflected the common and popular writers'thoughts from their adaptions(they represented at that time one kind of residential social stratum thought which increased sharply along with city expanded and resident social stratum population produced, and this thought also referred to one kind of thought after the chromolithography had entered into China in latter Qing dynasty, cultural printing propagation velocity sped up and drum words gradually became the ordinary resident's table-top reading material).This kind of thought produced along with the social vicissitudes, also impelled the entire society's forward development and the progress from the science and technology and the cultural domain.

本文即是对《二度梅》小说故事被改编为鼓词的文本进行研究的一篇论文，即通过对现存的清代民国《二度梅》鼓词的不同类型的版本与小说形式、内容、思想之间的比较，鼓词与鼓词不同类型版本之间的形式、内容、思想之间的比较，来阐述出一个结论，就是晚清时期的不同类型的鼓词版本，从形式上基本仍然沿袭了过去鼓词的传统模式，但内容思想上则随着时代变化而能够更直接地反映着当时的社会思想变迁，鼓词不同类型的版本文本直接反映了说唱艺人的思想(他们代表的是当时底层民众的思想)，也直接反映了文人改编鼓词的普通俗文人思想(他们代表了当时随着城市的扩大市民阶层人数的激增而产生的一种市民阶层的思想，当然这种思想也是指晚清石印术进入中国后文化印刷传播速度加快，鼓词逐渐成为普通市民的案头读物后而产生的一种思想来说的)，正是这种随着社会变迁产生的思想，又从科技和文化领域推动了整个社会的向前发展和进步。

In old Beijing, a different family or clan in the social, economic, customs, under the influence of the environment, forming a table their own unique culture, and many rice dishes in the way the family have "family dinner","Bin Yan" and "will Corroboree "- refers to the family of their own festive feast and a variety of festive activities, purpose-built banquet; bin feast, banquet hosted relatives and friends; informal dinner of the day.

中国的餐桌礼仪。饭桌上的文化，就是"饮馔文化"的通俗叫法。在老北京，不同的家庭或家族在社会、经济、习惯、环境的影响下，形成了有自家特色的饭桌文化，众多家族在饭馔方式上有"家宴"、"宾宴"和"便宴"——家宴是指家族自己过节和各种喜庆活动而设的宴席；宾宴是宴请亲戚朋友的宴席；便宴是家常便饭。

He looked for the root of literature and caused the upsurge of the literature of looking-for-root,but he protested that it was for nowadays firstly.His production accorded with any character of the culture of post modern unmeantly,but he considered that we ought to overrun the vogue a bit only.He pursued earthliness but refused ogling snobishness and kept aloof from literary event on his own.He combined the inheritress and animadversion toward conventional thought of ru,dao and fo and the reference of the culture of west.He formed a new inspirit of humanism by them.

他在文学中寻根，且引发了寻根文学的热潮，却主张寻根"首先是现在的"；他在创作中于无意间切合了后现代文化的某些特征，但认为只应"走在时尚前面一点"；他追求通俗，却拒绝媚俗，主动疏离"文学事件"；他把对传统儒道佛思想的继承、批判和对西方文化思想的借鉴、吸收有机结合起来，形成一种新的人文精神。

Popular religious culture, in other words, was crucial to the construction of the orientalist discourse: so crucial, in fact, that metaphorical appropriations of the "Holy Land" played a much more dominant role in the English cultural imagination than the actual Holy Land itself.

通俗宗教文化，换言之，是至关重要的东方话语的建构：如此重要，事实上，这是"圣地"在英文中发挥了比实际圣地本身的文化想象更主导的角色隐喻拨款。

The third chapter"The Hard-progresses of Jin He's Poetry Art in The Cultural Context of Tai Ping Tian Guo"including"Combine of Subjectivity and Thisness","from Limited Rhythm to Free Narrative","from Elegant Language to Popular Speech"three areas. It focuses on the explanation of innovative features of Jin He's poetry art, and masters the tremendous impact and far-reaching effects from cultural context of Tai Ping Tian Guo.

第三章"在太平天国文化语境中艰难落熟的金和诗歌艺术"从主体性与个体性的完美融合、从限定格律性到自由叙事性的嬗变、从典雅文辞到通俗口语的过渡三个方面着眼，重点对金和诗歌艺术的创新性特征进行分析阐释，体会太平天国文化语境对金和诗艺的巨大冲击和深远影响。

Popular churchlike culture, in another words, was pivotal to the cerebration of the orientalist discourse: so crucial, in fact, that nonliteral appropriations of the "Holy Land" played a much more dominating persona in the arts ethnic creativity than the actualised Holy Land itself.

通俗宗教文化，换言之，是至关重要的东方话语的建构：如此重要，事实上，这是&圣地&在英文中发挥了比实际圣地本身的文化想象更主导的角色隐喻拨款。

The popular fiction before Song Dynasty inflected the social phenomenon, facilitated the communication of the civilian's thoughts, religious culture and Chinese culture, and was of great significance for the development of the popular fiction in Song Dynasty.

宋代之前的通俗小说反映了社会现象，促进了平民思想、宗教文化的发展和中国文化的对外传播，对通俗小说在宋代的发展也有着相当巨大的影响。

Clash between them are the following: on the one hand, there is certain contradiction between "enlightenment" of elite culture and "secularly" of common culture; On the other hand, as to taste interest, there is also clash between elite culture's pursuit of elegance and common culture's pursuit of popularity.(3) It is possible for them to form combination, including three aspects: control of mainstream culture, relationship with each other coexisted and transformed, the development of modern media technology.

两者之间的冲突具体表现在：一方面，精英文化的&启蒙&性与大众文化的&世俗&性之间存在着一定的矛盾；另一方面，在审美趣味上，精英文化的高雅追求与大众文化的通俗追求也存在冲突。

The "LIU Xin-wu Uncovers The Secret of Hong Lou Meng" becomes a event of culture from sphere to public sphere. The man of elite to diegesis text and by means of media: CCTV, network, newspapers and so on make private sphere to popularize, and it forms popular literature which is the initial popular culture. Experts of "Hong Lou Meng" criticize the action on academic research, but the criticism encounters boycott and resist from popular.

&刘心武揭秘《红楼梦》&从私人形式变成公共领域的文化事件，是在契合大众审美趣味上，精英知识分子的文本叙述经过央视、网络、报刊等媒介，使私人空间大众化，形成了大众文化的最初形态通俗文学，红学家等精英知识分子对其学术性的批评，遭致了大众的抵制与反抗，从而形成文化事件。

Among the many cultural groups performing during the opening weekend of the Olympic Games, the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra is one with a history of pioneering performances in China. In 2005, its musicians traveled to Asia and performed in the Great Hall of the People, thus becoming the first American Pops orchestra to do so.

在众多参加奥林匹克文化节演出的文化团体中，辛辛那提通俗交响乐团是一支具有在中国举办开创性演出历史的乐团。2005年，乐团的音乐家们来到亚洲并在中国在人民大会堂演出，成为美国第一支在中国演出的通俗交响乐团。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。