逆关系

On the basis of the conversion relation of inverse matrix and adjoint matrix, by using 1/ω instead of |B'(xBx(subscript k|, a new Landweber iteration formula x(superscript δ subscript k+1)=x(superscript δ subscript k)-ωB'(x(superscript δ subscript k)Bx(superscript δ subscript kB'x(superscript δ kf(x(superscript δ subscript k)-y(superscript δ)is constructed for solving rank deficiency nonlinear least squares problem, with which the phenomenon that leads to ill-posed problem because the iteration matrix is rank-deficient and very ill-conditioned in numerical iterative process is avoided.

基于逆矩阵和矩阵伴随算子的换算关系，并用1/ω代替|B′(xBx(下标k|，构造出一个新的求解秩亏非线性最小二乘问题的Landweber迭代格式，x(上标δ下标 k+1)=x-ωB'(xBx(上标δ下标 k*B'x(上标δ下标 kf(x-y，从而避免了在迭代过程中由于迭代矩阵的秩亏和病态而产生的不适定现象。

Convert relationship of prototype robot joint angle and equivalent model joint angle is presented based on the method of kinematics inverse solution. The Jacobian algorithm of redundant robot for achieving effective joint excursion is studied, which is fit for digital calculating. The grads projection algorithm of redundant robot multi optimizing capability function's proportion factor is deduced. The issues of apery arm robot singularity and joint self-movement are researched. The simulation experiment result of apery arm joint self-movement and line movement is presented.

因为七自由度拟人手臂机器人的建模比较困难，采用了在等效模型下求解其运动学逆解的方法，给出了原机器人机构关节角与等效模型关节角之间的转换关系；提出了一种适于数值计算的有效的求解有关节偏置的冗余度机器人Jacobian的算法，并在此基础上推导了冗余度机器人多优化性能指标函数的均衡比例因子梯度投影算法；研究了拟人手臂机器人的奇异问题和关节自运动问题；给出了拟人手臂进行关节自运动和进行直线轨迹跟踪的仿真实验结果。

By means of simulation, the authors research the over-voltage level at AC and DC sides of converter station as well as arrestor operation condition caused by last breaker trip occurred in inverter station of UHVDC power transmission project from Yunnan to Guangdong; analyze and reveal the interrelations among over-voltage level, various operation conditions and different action delay of DC protections and propose the requirement to the time of protection coordination to ensure secure and reliable operation of equipments for the project.

文章对云广特高压直流系统逆变站最后断路器跳闸引起的换流站交直流侧过电压水平以及避雷器工况进行仿真研究，分析揭示不同运行工况、不同直流保护动作延时与过电压水平的相互关系，提出对保护配合时间的要求，以确保系统设备能安全可靠运行。

Taking the plate tectonics as leading theories, combining outcrop, seismic techniques, drilling and logging datum, inter-verifing manifold researching methods, The paper has amply researched the region. discussed the coupling relation of basin-mountain and the geodynamics system; analyzed geologic tectonic characteristics of the basin; confirmed superposed alteration in Mesozoic of the basin; recompartmentalized tectonic units of the researching region and the basin; studied the tectonic evolution of the basin since Mesozoic; ascertained four large tectonic layers and five tectonic evolution process stages in different ways of formation and tectonic alteration; established different tectonic stages、compages、models and sedimentary filled processes, based on the organic geochemistry and oil-gas geologic characteristics in middle Cenozoic of the basin, the conclusions have been summarized in the paper, such as:The primary source rock in lower Permian and subordinate source rock in upper Triassic are developed in the region with better quality, and secondary hydrocarbon is possible; The bearing system which is comparted by three large tectonic layers and two unconformity surfaces formed in Palaeozoic、upper Palaeozoic to Triassic and Cenozoic developing in the region, compounded with reservoirs of different lithology is developed in the region, while the property of tectonic fracture reservoir is better; Based on the analyzing petroleum accumulation elements and preserving conditions, the deep depressing belt in the north of Luoyang depression、Shiling-Yiyang folded fault belt in Yiyang depression and wide anticline belt in Yichuan depression are advantageous petroliferous region, Zhaizhen anticline in Luoyang depression and Shimen wide anticline on footwall of overthrust in Yichuan depression are optimum tectonic traps.

本文以板块构造理论为指导思想，采用露头区野外地质与盆地地震、钻井、测井资料密切结合，多种测试方法互检的研究方法，探讨了盆山耦合关系及其所控制的地球动力学系统；分析了研究区域和盆地地质结构构造特征，确定了中生代盆地的叠合改造性质，并重新划分区域构造单元和盆地构造单元，深入研究了洛阳—伊川盆地自中生代以来的构造演化；确定了成盆作用和构造改造作用的四大构造层和五期不同方式、方向的构造演化过程；建立了不同构造阶段的构造组合和样式及与构造相关的沉积充填过程；在此基础上通过多种有机地球化学指标，研究盆地中新生代油气地质特征，认为本区发育下二叠统区域主力烃源岩、上三叠统区域非主力烃源岩，两套烃源岩质量均较好，并具备二次生烃条件；认为本区发育古生界、上古生界—三叠系和新生界三大构造层、两个不整合界面分隔、不同岩性储集层叠置组合和构造裂隙型储集层的复式储集体系，其中构造裂隙型储集层储集性能较好；依据油气成藏条件和保存条件分析，认为洛阳凹陷北部深凹带、宜阳凹陷内石陵—宜阳褶断带以及伊川凹陷伊川宽阔背斜带为较有利含油气区，有利的构造圈闭是洛阳凹陷翟镇背斜和伊川凹陷的石门逆冲断层下盘的宽缓背斜

In 1785 Coulomb had found a similar inverse square law relationship of repulsion between two pith balls carrying equal electrical charges.

在1785年库仑已经找到两颗喷射球之间带有相等的电荷，之间关系为逆平方关系。

The breeding values of 12 dairy bull, were evaluated by BLUP method, and the parameters μ, h_i, g_i, S_(jk were obtained by using computer. Comparing this evaluation with thnt of not using relationship matrix, there are some difference between them. In the calculation, A~(1-)should be added to the elements of bull, effect on the diagonal of matrix.

本文以南京市12头乳用种公牛(其中引进上海市6头、合肥市1头的冻精)为实例，应用公牛间有亲缘关系的BLUP法估计其育种值，电算求得参数μ、h_i、g_i、S_(jk，按育种值排列优劣名次，并与不加入公牛间亲缘关系的结果进行比较，发现两法间略有差异，其计算方法在矩阵对角线的公牛效应元素上加A~(1-)(即公牛间亲缘关系的逆阵)即可。

The concrete work include: First, we consult a lot of herbarium specimen from PE, NAS, IFP and XJA etc.; Second, we collect more than 100 species of Brassicaceae from Xinjiang, Jilin and Shandong; Third, we study the phylogeny of Brassicaceae from China to approach some divergence on the tribe, genera and species of Brassicaceae using many ways including morphology, micromorphology and molecular systematics, furthermore, estimate the significance of every index.

2确定了两种模式植物-拟南芥与盐芥的系统学位置和系统学关系，认为两者分别归于拟南芥属和盐芥属，其亲缘关系较远，拟南芥属靠近须弥芥属、荠属、亚麻荠属、旗杆芥属、无苞芥属、糖芥属以及垂果南芥等，而盐芥属靠近山嵛菜属和沟子荠属，对于它们的深入认识，为两种模式植物在进化领域研究物种抗逆适应与趋异分化提供了一个不可多得的比较模式系统，以及更多可供比较的物种，具有重要的应用价值。

A model describing the relationship between recovery stress and temperature is developed based on the modified Clausius-Clapeyron equation. A composite model based on the Tanaka model is used to calculate the thermal expansion strain of composite, and the relationship between the martensitic fraction and temperature. Results show that this relationship is nonlinear, affected by prestrain and the heating-cooling history.

利用Tanaka模型以及在Tanaka模型基础上所建立的复合材料的模型，分析了TiNi合金丝/Al基复合材料的热收缩应变，以及复合材料中TiNi合金丝发生逆相变过程中马氏体分数与温度的关系，结果表明马氏体分数与温度之间的关系并非近似线性，而是随着预应变的不同、加热冷却过程的不同而变化的，在具体的使用时应根据不同的情况具体分析。

Based on the DM model of the three-phase four-leg inverter, the DM performance of SPWM jump-edge delay strategy is analyzed. Its DM performance becomes worse because of the alteration to the local volt-second equivalent between the pulse and sine wave.

虽然SPWM跳变后移策略会使三相四桥臂逆变器获得最佳的共模输出特性，但因它改变了脉冲局部与正弦波的伏秒等效关系，导致逆变器差模特性变差。

Firstly, according to the relationship between classic Carnot cycle and Lorenz cycle, the paper evaluates the cycle characteristics and thermodynamic properties of NARMS (Non-azeotropic mixtures), and compares the energy-saving difference between pure and mixed refrigerants. The main of factors that affect heat pump operating efficiency are analyzed in theory and using the Second Law of Thermodynamics the exergy are evaluated in components of heat pump system, in the end a conclusion is drew that all of the exergy have bearing on working fluids' properties.

本文首先从经典的Carnot逆循环与Lorenz逆循环相对关系出发，评估了非共沸混合工质循环的特点以及热力学性质；在不同环境条件下，比较了单工质与混合工质的循环特性差异；针对非共沸混合工质热泵循环效率的主要影响因素（即工质本身的热物性和系统部件特性）进行了理论分析，并利用热力学第二定律对热泵系统的各个主要部件进行了可用能分析，最终发现每一处可用能损失均与工质物性有关；在此基础上提出了减少可用能损失的方法—寻找适宜的非共沸混合工质。

In this paper, the requirement analysis, design and implementation of the system are introduced in detail.

此论文详细介绍了系统的需求分析，系统设计和具体实现。

In the context of economic globalization is increasingly deepening, China's economy can not be spared.

在经济全球化日益加深的背景下，中国经济不可能做到独善其身。