违约

B Benefit and detriment Historically, the mon law action of debt was said to require a quid pro quo, and that requirement may have led to statements that consideration must be a benefit to the promisor But contracts were enforced in the mon-law action of assumpsit without any such requirement; in actions of assumpsit the emphasis was rather on the harm to the promisee, and detrimental reliance on a promise may still be the basis of contractual relief See 90 But reliance is not essential to the formation of a bargain, and remedies for breach have long been given in cases of exchange of promise for promise where neither party has begun to perform Today when it is said that consideration must involve a detriment to the promisee, the supposed requirement is often qualified by a statement that a "legal detriment" is sufficient even though there is no economic detriment or other actual loss It is more realistic to say simply that there is no requirement of detriment

b收益和损害。从历史来看，普通法上的债的行为被认为要求一个等价物，而且这一要求还可能导出这样的结论：约因必须是允诺人获益。但在缺乏这一要求的契约在普通法上的违约之诉中仍然得到执行；在违约之诉中，强调的是对受允诺人的损害，而且对允诺的有害依赖可能仍然是契约救济的基础。参见第90条。但是信赖对协商的成立并非必要性因素，而且在任何一方当事人均未开始履行的允诺交换允诺的案例中，早已规定了违约救济。现在，当有人认为约因必须包括一个对于受允诺人的损害时，其假设的要求经常由此表述得以满足："一个"法律上的损害即使在没有经济损害或者其他实际损失的情况下仍然是充分的。认为没有对于损害的要求的主张是更加现实的。

Assessment of damages for breach of contract is closely correlated to the scope of damages for breach of contract.

第三部分：违约损害赔偿的计算违约损害赔偿的计算，与违约损害赔偿的范围密切相关。

Getting across compare the obligation of the breach of faith in common civil contract with the obligation of the breach of faith in labor contract, this disquisition analyzes some theory questions about the obligation of the breach of faith in labor contract, and bring forwards some advices.

本文通过比较一般民事合同违约责任与劳动合同违约责任的不同，在对劳动合同违约责任有关的理论问题进行深入分析的基础上，对相关的法律制度提出了立法上的建议。

But under the JLT model circumstance, the default state has only one default class with a constant recovery rate.

但是在原有的 JLT模型下，它的违约状态中只有一种违约评等，当公司掉入违约状态时，给予固定的回复率。

We also use numerical analyses to show that relationship between the volatility of the interest rate, default correlation parameter with interest rate, default intensity that is independent of risk-less spot interest rate and the valuation of credit linked note.

本文也进行数值分析以观察利率波动度、与利率相关之违约相关参数、不受利率影响的违约参数以及信用违约票券价值之间的关系。

1 Notwithstanding Clause 15,"Liability Exemption" hereinabove, in case of failure of the seller or the buyer (the Non-Performing Party) to comply with any of the obligations assumed under this contract, the other party, without prejudice to any other recourse available to them, may consider such failure as a breach of this contract and terminate the same, or to unilaterally suspend its performance until such failure is remedied, and in any case may claim direct damages for the breach of this contract from the other party, to the extent allowed by the terms and conditions set forth herein.

除了上文条款15 "免责声明"外，在卖方或买方未履行合同规定的任何义务的情况下，其他一方，对于没有提供任何其它意见的，可视为违约并考虑终止合同或暂时搁置合同的执行，直到这样的状况被矫正，若因此违约而受到直接损失可向违约方索赔，并且在违反合同规定时需提供声明。

The Party in breach shall have thiry (30) days from receipt of a notice form the other Party specifying the breach to correct such breach if it is remediable.

违约方应在收到另一方指明其违约行为的通知后三十（30）日内，纠正其违约行为（若该违约行为是可以纠正的）。

The Party in breach shall have thirty (30) days from receipt of a notice form the other party specifying the breach to correct such breach if it is remediable.

如果违约情况可以补救，那么应当给予违约方三十（30）天的时间对违约进行补救，自其接到另一方具体说明违约情况之通知之日起计算。

Without prejudice to any other remedy the Initiating Party may have against the Breaching Party, the Initiating Party may terminate the Agreement by notice if the Breaching Party commits any material breach of any provision of the Agreement which shall remain unremedied 45 days after notice of such breach has been served by the Initiating Party on the Breaching Party.

在不损害发起方针对违约方任何补救权利的情况下，若违约方违反了本协议项下的条款构成实质性违约的，且在发起方送达违约方通知后45天内尚未补救处理的，发起方可以终止本协议。

This paper analyses the latter one systematically and scrutinizes different treatment methods of correlation problems in different risk quantification models.

是指贷款组合中不同客户之间违约的相互关系，即一个客户违约引起另一个客户违约的可能性，也就是违约相关系数。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。