近岸

The wave field is calculated by the parabolic mild slope equation and the wave radiation stress is regarded as the major factor to establish the mathematical model for simulating the coastwise current due to wave action based on the depth-averaged shallow water equation.

利用抛物型缓坡方程计算波浪场，并以波浪辐射应力为近岸动力因素，建立深度平均的二维近岸流的控制方程。

The model is applied to numerically analyze the wave field and the coastwise current formed by the breaking of oblique incident wave in the Leadbetter Beach, Santa Barbara, California, USA. In the analysis the Crank-Nicolson scheme is adopted to solve the parabolic mild slope equation and the ADI finite difference scheme is applied to solve the model of wave induced coastwise current.

运用该近岸流方程，对美国Santa Barbara Leadbetter海岸波浪斜向入射所产生的波浪场及波浪破碎所形成的沿岸流进了数值模拟，其中抛物型缓坡模型采用Crank-Nicolson格式进行数值离散，近岸流方程采用ADI差分格式离散。

Two methods of correlation of parasequence are put forward in fan delta and near shore sub-water fan sedimentary environment.

提出了在扇三角洲和近岸水下扇沉积环境中沿物源方向的相序递变对比法和垂直物源方向的侵蚀叠置对比法2种准层序对比模式以及在扇三角洲沉积环境中沿物源方向的扇三角洲前缘亚环境中的层组相变对比模式和近岸水下扇环境中叠置砂体对比模式、相变对比模式、薄砂层对比模式、相似渐变等5种层组对比模式。

Compared with the year of 2002, the polluted ranges of offshore marine areas, such as the estuaries and loughs expanded to some extent in 2003, with the main pollutants including: petroleum, inorganic nitrogen, activated phosphate, hydrargyrum and so on.

大部分海域海水水质基本良好，符合清洁、较清洁海水水质标准，远海、近海海水水质优于近岸；与2002年相比河口、港湾等近岸海域污染范围有所扩大，主要污染物是石油类、无机氮、活性磷酸盐和汞等。

As a whole,the notable characteristic of primary productivity in size-fractioned structure was that nanoplankton occupied comparatively significant advantage in Beibu Gulf.Nanoplankton has the largest contribution to gross primary productivity,and picoplankton was the secondary contributor,while microplankton the least.The contribution of microplankton for primary productivity in the north Gulf was more than that in the other waters.Nanoplankton and picoplankton contribute more to the gross primary productivity in offshore deep waters than in inshore shallow waters3.The Beibu Gulf can be divided into three ecoregions:Region-Ⅰis the ecoregion in inshore shallow waters of the north Gulf.In average,the water depth is 18m,DIN is 1.88μmol/L,DIP is 0.20μmol/L,N:P is 9.4:1,dissolved silicate is 5.17μmol/L,the Chl a conentration in surface layer is 2.27mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index in surface layer is 3.80mg/,the primary productivity is 198.78mgC/(m~2·d), and potential fishery production is estimated to be 0.24gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity.The ecoregion is mainly affected by the northern coastal water systems,and may be fit for aquaculture;Region-Ⅱis the ecoregion in offshore deep waters of the north Gulf and the coastal shallow waters to the west Hainan Island.In average,the water depth is 35m,DIN is 2.01μmol/L,DIP is 0.18μmol/L,N:P is 11.2:1,disovled silicate is 4.23μmol/L,the chlorophyll a of surface layer concentration is 1.45mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index of surface layer is 4.12 mg/,the primary productivity is 276.60mgC/(m~2·d),and the estimated potential fishery production is 0.34gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity. The ecoregion was mainly influenced by ocean current from the South China Sea, rivers in the west coast of Hainan Island and the water from Qiongzhou Strait.It may be fit for aquaculture and fishery;Region-Ⅲis the ecoregion in offshore deep waters of the mid and south Gulf.In average,the water depth is 75m,DIN is 0.77μmol/L, DIP is 0.15μmol/L,N:P is 5.1:1,disovled silicate is 3.05μmol/L,the chlorophyll a of surface layer concentration is 0.70mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index of surface layer averaged is 3.69mg/,the primary productivity is 350.89mgC/(m~2·d),and the estimated potential fishery production is 0.43gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity.The ecoregion was mainly affected by the circulation inside Beibu Gulf, and may be fit for fishery.

初级生产力的粒级结构的一个显著特点是总体上微型浮游生物在全调查海区均占较明显优势，对总初级生产力的平均贡献最大；微微型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献次之；小型浮游生物对总初级生产力的平均贡献最小；湾北部小型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献高于湾中部和湾南部，而湾中部和湾南部微型和微微型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献高于湾北部，远岸深水区高于近岸浅水区。3、北部湾可以分为三个生态区：湾北部近岸浅水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深19m，DIN浓度平均值为1.88μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.20μmol/L，N：P为9.4：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为5.17μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值高达2.27 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为3.80 mg/，初级生产力平均值198.78mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.24 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受湾北部沿岸水系影响，适合作为水产养殖区；湾北部深水区和海南岛西部沿岸浅水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深35m，DIN浓度平均值为2.01μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.18μmol/L，N：P为11.2：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为4.23μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值1.45 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为4.12mg/，初级生产力平均值276.60 mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.34 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受南部湾口区海流向湾内延伸，沿岸海南岛河流注入湾内和琼州海峡过道水的影响，适合作为渔业作业区和水产养殖区；湾中部和南部远岸深水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深75m，DIN浓度平均值为0.77μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.15μmol/L，N：P为5.1：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为3.05μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值0.70 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为3.69 mg/，初级生产力平均值350.89 mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.43 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受北部湾环流影响，适合作为渔业作业区。

On the basis of regular wave transformation equation in a reference[1] incorporating comprehensively environmental current,nonlinear dispersion effect,rapidly varying topography effect,energy loss due to bottom friction,refraction and diffraction, the governing equations are derived for irregular multi-directional wave transformation incorporating multi factors according to the principle of superposition of linear wave and the wave directional spectrum theory.

1引言波浪在由外海向近岸的传播过程中，由于受到复杂地形、障碍物和水流等因素的影响，波浪传播将发生变形。文献[2]对描述波浪在近岸传播变形的各种数学模型方法做了较为全面的、系统的回顾和总结。

The severe seawater intrusion exists in certain eel farming factories within Changle, Fuzhou, in certain prawn farm within Jiuzhen county, Zhangzhou, and in certain saltern within Xiuyu district, Putian, all belonging to seawater intrusion in human activity areas. The maximum concentration of Cl and mineralization within those severe intrusion areas are 5629.00 mg/L and 33.16 g/L respectively. The slight seawater intrusion is monitored in Quangang district, Quanzhou, where natural conditions are kept. No seawater intrusion is monitored in Dongchong peninsula, Ningde. No soil salinization is monitored except Zhangzhou where the sand is slightly salinized.

在福州长乐市近岸某鳗鱼养殖片区、漳州漳浦县近岸某对虾养殖片区、莆田市秀屿区某盐田附近监测到严重海水入侵，均属人类开发活动影响区域内的海水入侵，严重入侵区域氯度最高达5629.00 mg/L，矿化度最高达33.16 g/L；在泉州市泉港区某自然村监测到轻度入侵，属自然状态下的海水入侵；在宁德东冲半岛外浒沙滩附近未监测到海水入侵；在漳州断面监测到土壤盐渍化，为轻度盐渍化土，其他断面为非土壤盐渍化土。

The heavier polluted area was distributed mostly by the empoison estuaries, and the grade of pollution infection from the land was to occupy much proportion; the whittling quantity of pollution is achieved a good situation in 2005 accepted TIN, so that was a distance to the controlling goal.

天津近岸海域的水体富营养化的重污染区主要分布于入海排污口附近海域，陆域性排污对于近岸海域水体总体的污染影响程度所占的比重较大；2005年污染物入海削减量总体完成情况较好，但无机氮的削减效果不明显，距控制目标仍有一定差距。

Based on Fluoranthene/Pyrene and Pyrene/Benzopyrene ratios, the main source of PAHs was identified from petroleum industry at Jinzhou Bay, petrolic combustion turned into the source in Qinhuangdao and part of Liaodong Bay, and coal-burning was primary in the other areas.

荧蒽/芘和芘/苯并芘两个比值参数显示锦州湾近岸沉积物的PAHs主要源于石油工业，秦皇岛近岸和莱州湾部分站点主要来自燃油产物，而其它海区的大部分站点则属于燃煤型来源。

The faulted scarp type slope break belt controlled the development of the near shore sub-aqueous fan system. The faulted terrace type steep slope break belt controlled the development of the fan-deltas and sub-aqueous fan system. The gentle slope type slope break belt controlled the development of the fan delta system. The inner basin type slope break belt controlled the off shore sub-lacustrine fan system in the basin-level falling stage.

断崖型陡坡坡折带控制着近岸水下扇沉积体系的形成和分布；断阶型陡坡坡折带控制着扇三角洲或近岸水下扇及前方的湖底扇体系的形成和分布；断阶型缓坡坡折带控制着扇三角洲沉积体系的形成和分布；在基准面下降阶段，盆内坡折控制着远岸湖底扇的形成和分布。

Do not gum up the work by telling mother what we are going to do .

别告诉母亲我们要干的事，那会把事情搞糟的。

In recent years, application of the partial prestressed concrete beam s is developed.

近年来，随着部分预应力砼梁应用的推广，发现我国规范所采用的名义拉应力法的计算结果不稳定。