费用函数

Assume that the transaction cost funaction is a convex function and the tax function is a concave funcatioh.

我们假设交易费用是交易金额的一个凸函数，而缴纳的税费是其收入的一个凹函数。

The Mean-CVaR (Conditional Value-at-Risk) portfolio optimization model is proposed to calculate a globally optimal portfolio under concave transaction costs. A non-decreasing concave function is employed to approximate origin transaction costs function.

研究了当投资组合的风险用条件风险价值（Conditional Value at Risk，简称CVaR）度量，考虑凹交易费用的投资组合选择问题，通过对交易费用采用非线性的凹函数，建立了一个均值-CVaR模型。

Objective function of son system is yearly cost; Objective function of overall system is NEPV.

子系统的优化目标函数是等额年费用；总体优化的目标函数是财务净现值。

And port selection mode of shippers is used generalized cost function.

发货人选择港口方式采用了广义费用函数。

The concrete work and main contribution are as follows:(1) The index indicating transfer capability homogeneousness is defined, and the new terms like homogeneous grid, grid according with economic flow are put forward. These new concepts describe the degree in which transfer capability is utilized, and they provide the standard for ideal grid whose transfer capability and power generation dispatching economy are in phase. So, new idea is introduced in transfer capability analysis.(2) The multi-objective function with generation cost and transfer capability homogeneousness weighted is constructed. The relationship between system existing generation dispatching and transfer capability is revealed through comparative analysis between security economic dispatch and security homogeneous dispatch, and the variation rule analysis between generation cost and transfer capability homogeneousness with the change of weighting coefficient.(3) Example analyses demonstrate that the difference between specific power system with ideal instance can be identified effectively using the above concepts and method.

具体工作和贡献主要体现在：(1)定义了衡量电网输电能力均匀性分布的指标，提出均匀电网、符合经济流电网的新概念，以描述电网输电能力被利用的程度，并给出输电能力和发电调度经济性相协调的理想电网标准，在输电能力分析评判领域引入了新观点；(2)构造了发电费用与输电均匀性加权的多目标函数，通过对安全经济调度与安全均匀调度的对比分析，以及权系数变化过程中发电费用与输电均匀性的变化规律分析，揭示了系统现存发电调度与输电能力之间的依赖关系；(3)大量分析表明，利用上述概念和方法可有效识别系统在特定模式下与符合经济流电网的偏差程度。

The way on how to compute the optimal math＇s model is given and the survival condition of optimal root is discussed.

研究了一种特殊的订单生产——准时制下非核心企业的生产，分析了计划范围内的成本，并分别就各种成本给出求解公式，尤其在能力波动费用的求解上，引进了符号函数，解决了在任意单位时间段内能力累计的数学表达以及能力波动费用的数学求解，在以上基础上给出了最佳生产的数学模型，给出了求解方法，讨论了最优解的存在条件，最后，讨论了在APS中的应用前景。

At the same time, this paper believes that the communist society wouldnt be an unrealizable dream with the institution perfecting and the reducing difference between the goals of individual and society.

在证明新的企业规模函数的合理性的基础上，论文利用这一函数解释企业的变迁，说明制度的完善将降低交易费用，提高社会活动的效率，并且认为随着制度的完善、个人目标和社会目标的趋同，共产主义社会并非是遥不可及的梦想。

According as the turn-on intensity running rules of the place ,this paper improves the liner model of workload allocations as to set up a corresponding nonlinear model which base on the minimizing costs of manufacturing and storge.

本文在GRAI模型及其相关理论的基础上，根据变迁触发规则，对已建立的生产调度过程工作量规划的线性模型进行改进，以企业整个生产过程中加工费用和存储费用最小为目标函数建立了一种非线性生产调度过程工作量规划统一模型。

A new approach for regional logistics distribution center location based on function of profit is proposed in this paper which characterized as operational and actual approach, and it adduces powerful proof for location model development.

本文提出了一种基于费用函数的改进的区域物流配送中心选址方法，其具有较强的可操作性及准确性，为选址模型的进一步开发提供了科学引证。

This model optimizes the 110 kV-substation number, its capacity and unit number, using the minimum cost of network construction and grid energyloss as object function, the capacity-load ratio of transformer and the radius of power supply as constraint condition. DIPSO is used to find out the best result of this model.

模型以网络的建设费用和运行损耗费用最小化为目标函数，以变电所容载比和供电半径等为约束，对给定负荷水平下的城市中心负荷区110kV变电所个数、变压器台数、容量以及10kV出线回路数进行优化，并用改进粒子群算法计算求得最优解。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。