贸易

The World Trade Organization was precisely acknowledged the technical trade barrier reasonable permitted its existence at the same time, simultaneously also saw the technical trade barrier unreasonable has at the same time formulated "Technical Trade Barrier Agreement", came the standard and limits various member nations the technical trade barrier behavior, guarded against stops appears to technical trade barrier abusiveness

世界贸易组织正是承认了技术性贸易壁垒合理的一面而允许其存在，同时也看到了技术性贸易壁垒不合理的一面而制定了《技术性贸易壁垒协议》，来规范和限制各成员国的技术性贸易壁垒行为，防止出现对技术性贸易壁垒的滥用

It analyzes the cost of internal trade according to the transaction theory, concluding that the internal trade has certain limitations; From the aspect of asset specialization it also analyzes that the bounder of internal trade is the point at which internal trade cost is equal to the external trade cost; It shows that the internal trade will finally come to an end due to the specialization, monopoly and low efficiency it incurs.

借用交易成本理论，分析了内部贸易的成本，从而得出内部贸易有一定限度的结论；从资产专用性的角度分析了内部贸易的边界：内部贸易成本等于外部交易成本；从内部贸易所产生的专业化、垄断和低效率的角度，提出内部贸易会走向解体或终结。

This thesis systematically studies the comparativeness of Chinese trade in services in four aspects of indices basing upon existing achievements by using quantitative analysis method and qualitative analysis method. Moreover, the indices have been compared with those of the five transitional countries in the same timing period. Three points can be drawn from that study. First, the comparativeness of Chinese trade in services are too weak to compete internationally. Secondly, tourism is the only industry that holds its comparative advantage. Finally, we can learn from what the Poland and Hungary have been doing with their trade in services.

本文采用了定量分析与定性分析相结合等研究方法，在前人研究的基础上，对1995-2000年我国服务贸易的国际市场占有率、比较优势指数、显示性比较优势指数和显示性竞争比较优势指数四个指标进行了计算，较全面、系统地分析了我国服务贸易的国际竞争力，并首次将该四项指标结果同一些转轨经济国家的相同指标进行跨国比较，从中得到三点启示：1、我国服务贸易整体不具备竞争优势；2、旅游业是我国服务贸易中具有较强比较优势的行业；3、波兰和匈牙利两国的成功经验对我国发展服务贸易有一定借鉴作用。

However, there is also some complementariness in the bilateral trade, which shows a intensive trend. In addition, by analyzing the Intra-industry Index, we also know that the intra-industry trade takes up a certain part. Although still not outstanding, it really has great potential because big differences always exist in the entire developing speed of the two economies.

然后，利用产业内贸易指数对两国进出口商品进行分析，得出两国在出口贸易中即有产业间贸易同时也存在产业内贸易，但产业内贸易的规模还不是很大，两国在整体经济发展上存在一定的发展梯度和差异，产业内贸易存在扩大的潜力。

With the action of trade liberalization and the weak of customs barrier, TBT has become an important form to prevent the present international trade.

随着贸易自由化的推行和关税壁垒的弱化，技术性贸易壁垒成为阻碍当代国际贸易的一项重要形式，它以其庞大的覆盖面，多样的形式以及苛刻的技术标准阻碍了很大部分的国际贸易的进行，了各贸易出口国的利益。

With the action of trade liberalization and the weak of customs barrier, TBT has become an important form to prevent the present international trade. It hinders other country from international trade by its huge covering, multiple style and severe technical standard, meanwhile it influences every exporting countries' profits.

随着贸易自由化的推行和关税壁垒的弱化，技术性贸易壁垒成为阻碍当代国际贸易的一项重要形式，它以其庞大的覆盖面，多样的形式以及苛刻的技术标准阻碍了很大部分的国际贸易的进行，影响了各贸易出口国的利益。

AbstractWith the action of trade liberalization and the weak of customs barrier, TBT has become an important form to prevent the present international trade. It hinders other country from international trade by its huge covering, multiple style and severe technical standard, meanwhile it influences every exporting countries' profits.

摘 要随着贸易自由化的推行和关税壁垒的弱化，技术性贸易壁垒成为阻碍当代国际贸易的一项重要形式，它以其庞大的覆盖面，多样的形式以及苛刻的技术标准阻碍了很大部分的国际贸易的进行，影响了各贸易出口国的利益。

The important foreign trade laws developed in the first stage include Navigation Acts, Embargo Act, the Tariff Act of 1816, Mckinley Tariff Act, Dingley Tariff Act, Underwood Tariff Act, the Anti-Dumping Act of 1916 and the Tariff Act of 1930. The important laws in the second stage are the 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act and the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. The ones in the third stage are the 1974 Trade Act, Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, Bipartisan Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2002 and Byrd Amendment.

贸易保护&阶段的重要对外贸易立法包括《航海条例》、《禁运法案》、《1816年关税法》、《麦金利税则》、《丁利税则》、《安德伍德税则》、《1916年反倾销法》及《1930年关税法》；&倡导贸易自由化&阶段的重要对外贸易立法包括《1934年互惠贸易协定法》及《1962年贸易扩展法》；&公平贸易阶段的重要对外贸易立法包括《1974年贸易法》、《1988年综合贸易与竞争法》、《2002贸易促进授权法案》及《伯德修正案》。

Ll analyses mutual trade between China and ASEAN, simply review the history and the actual state of mutual trade between China and ASEAN, From the date of mutual trade and commodity structure, we can reach a conclusion mutual trade between China and ASEAN has a trend from Inter-industry trade to intra-industry trade.

第二章，中国与东盟间的双边贸易进行分析，简单的回顾一下中国与东盟双边贸易的历史与现状，从历年双边贸易数据与商品结构分析中得出中国与东盟双边贸易有从产业间贸易向产业内贸易发展的趋势。

With increasing of world economy, the international trade of woody forest products develops rapidly, but some issues, for example, illegal-logging and associated trade, forest certification, inspection and quarantine in imports and exports, trade protection, increasing value through domestic process, trade disputes and so on, have more important influence to the international trade of woody forest products.

随着世界经济的增长，林产品国际贸易发展迅速，但非法采伐生产和贸易、森林认证、碳汇贸易、进出口检验检疫、贸易保护、国内加工增值、贸易争端等问题对世界林产品贸易影响越来越大，其中大多数与环境保护有关。

Means the parent directory, so this command means to execute "toolchain.sh," which is in the current directory.

代表父目录，所以这个命令就是执行当前目录下的"toolchain.sh"。

Yes,In fact,I'm on our city ream.

是的。事实上我是我们市队的。