论证

On the base of reviewing the phylogeny of logic theory, we review some misapprehension to the two thinking manners.

在法律论证理论领域，证明思维和论证思维都有其存在的必要性。

Fortunately, different with daily English in north America,"argument" have no the meaning of negativeness in Chinese, this makes increasingly rich conception of argument can had been directly applied to daily argumentation in Chinese.

所幸的是，与北美日常英语不同，汉语中的"论证"没有否定性的意味，这就使得日益丰富的论证概念可直接被应用于汉语日常论辩。

In platonic Theology, Ficino constructs a system of universal hierarchy of Neoplatonism, and divides being into five grades, moreover uses a series of rational arguments for immorality.

斐奇诺在《柏拉图神学》中构造了一个新柏拉图主义的宇宙等级体系，将存在划分为了五个等级，并以庞杂的论证试图以理性论证灵魂的不朽性。

In this chapter, the author demonstrates the "patentability" of software form the aspects of technical development and its legal characteristics on the basis of refutation to the traditional opinions on the software patent.

本章在驳斥了传统的观点的基础上，从技术发展方面和法律属性层面论证了软件的"可专利性"，并进一步论证了其可行性。

the explanatory gap argument is one of the most influential objections to physicalism in the current philosophy of mind.

提要：解释空缺论证是当前批判心灵哲学中物理主义的最有影响的论证之一。

This thesis takes the practical reason of Marxism as the philosophical foundation, adopts other views of properness critically and explores the judicial reason in judicial practice i.e...

司法理性的评价标准是指客观评价司法理性的准则，它应当包括：程序合法标准，即法官的审判行为和司法行为必须符合程序法的规定；证据充分标准，即法官据以作出裁判的证据应当充分到足以令其产生内心确信的程度；论证合理标准，即法官对其认定事实、适用法律、以及处理结果的正当性进行合理的解释和论证；结果公正标准，即实现"法律之内的正义"。

Davidson does not appeal to familiar arguments for the "multiple realizability" of mental types, although these arguments might be taken to support his position.

Davidson 没有诉诸大家熟悉的"精神类型的可多重实现"论证，尽管这些论证可以被视为支持他的立场。

The positive right of the trademark is strongly emphasized and the argumentation begins with the exact understanding of the trade mark right, ending with the refutations of the reverse viewpoints. Part C is a comparative study with the analysis and evaluation of foreign countries' legislation.

本文突出了对后者的论证，分析时先从商标权的的正确理解入手，强调商标权积极权利这个法律问题不容忽视，进而全面考察反向假冒行为的商标侵权性，最后通过对"商标侵权否定论"的质疑与辩驳，从反面加强论证效果。

The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first, the technologies of atomic force microscopy and of the measurement elasticity of biomolecules were introduced. In the second, the validity of VSPFM was confirmed by lift mode atomic force microscopy. In this chapter, the height of DNA was measured by lift mode atomic force microscopy, which demonstrated that the method of height measurement of biomolecules by VSPFM was correct and established the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by vibrating mode scanning polarization force microscopy. In the third chapter, detailed work has been illustrated on the foundation of the method of measurement elasticity of biomolecules by VSPFM. And the compressive elasticity of DNA was measured. In fourth and fifth chapters, the method was applied in the measurement elasticity of proteins. Two proteins elasticity, fibre-like protein α-synuclein and global protein IgG, were measured by VSPFM, through which the method wound its way to the application of biomolecules. In last chapter, the final part of the thesis was a summary. A conclusion of the thesis and a self-comment on my work as a PhD candidate have been made, and expectation about the further works has been addressed.

本论文共分为六章，第一章，引言部分主要介绍了原子力显微镜技术及生物大分子弹性测量技术；第二章主要是VSPFM方法的正确性论证，介绍抬高模式原理，利用抬高模式原子力显微镜对DNA的高度进行测量，论证振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的高度的正确性以及准确性，从而为振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量生物大分子的弹性方法的建立奠定基础；第三章以脱氧核糖核酸为例详细介绍了振动模式极化力显微镜测量生物大分子弹性的方法的建立，对DNA的压弹性进行了初步的测量和分析；第四章和第五章介绍了振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用：α-synuclein和IgG分别是纤维状蛋白和球状颗粒蛋白，通过振动模式扫描极化力显微镜测量这两种蛋白质的弹性，摸索振动模式扫描极化力显微镜在蛋白质弹性测量中的应用；第六章对全文进行了总结，在对论文的工作进行归纳和自我评价之后，还对进一步的工作进行了展望。

The fallacies that violate general norm in argument primarily contain the fallacy of deviating the argument target, shifting the burden of proof, misunderstanding the audience , illicit reason ,no sequitur and linguistic fallacies .

违反论证一般规范的谬误主要有偏离论证目标的谬误、转移举证责任的谬误、误解听众的谬误、理由不当的谬误、推不出谬误和语言谬误。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。