观测得到的

In this paper a genetic algorithm four-dimension data assimilation system was applied to the more complex MM5 model, we verify the performance of the genetic algorithm assimilation system, we take the a heavy rainfall process during 04-05, July, 2003 as the experimental research object, and carry out data assimilation experiment of actual observation data, compare the experimental results of the genetic algorithm assimilation system and MM5 adjoint model assimilation system with the experimental results without assimilation, the following is the result:genetic algorithm assimilation system is used not only in a barotropic primitive equation but also in the complex model, MM5, for example, in the ideal experiment the result of the genetic algorithm assimilation system is better than the MM5 adjoint model assimilation system, in the assimilation experiment of actual observation data, whichever assimilation system is used, the initial field of numerical prediction model is effectively improved and the prediction effect of physical field and rainfall are somewhat enhanced.

本文将遗传算法的四维同化系统运用到更复杂的MM5模式中，在理想实验中验证遗传算法同化系统的性能，并以2003年7月4日"南京暴雨"作为研究对象，进行了实际观测资料的同化，并将遗传算法同化系统和MM5伴随模式同化系统得到的结果跟未同化的结果进行了比较，结果如下：遗传算法同化系统不仅可以用在正压原始方程模式上，同样也可以用在MM5等复杂模式上，理想实验证明了遗传算法同化系统优于MM5伴随同化系统，在实际观测资料同化中，采用两种方法的同化系统都能有效地改善数值预报模式的初始场，能在一定程度上提高物理量场和降水量的预报效果。

According to the criterion of minimizing the sum of the squares of the states posterior confidence region widths, we get the value of the updated Biscay distribution, then get the states interval estimation.

该方法结合了区间运算和Kalman滤波方法，分别根据状态和观测方程得到的预测值的Biscay分布，融合得到估计的Biscay分布值，进而得到状态的区间估计。

There exists extraordinarily affluent literature of historical earthquake.Currently,we inadequately utilize macro phenomena of earthquake and isoseismal,therefore,further explore the source of historical earthquake,and emphasize the uncertainty of epicenter and magnitude of historical earthquake.Since 1970,along with the advancement of observational technique, we greatly improve seismic observational accuracy,and moderate and small seismic data recorded by instrument is more and more sufficient.

历史地震的文献资料异常丰富，但是对地震宏观现象及等震线的利用显得不足，历史地震资源还待进一步开发；而且历史地震震中位置和震级的不确定性问题需要注意。1970年以来，由于观测技术的提高，地震观测精度得到很大程度地改善，仪器记录的中小地震资料也越来越丰富。

The main conclusions from the works presented in this thesis can be as this: for the Galactic OH 1612MHz masers, the radiative pumping mechanism coexists with other mechanisms while some other unresolved problems need to be solved after the launch of more advanced space infrared spectrometer and the more reliable identification of the evolutionary status of the maser bearing infrared sources;the asymmetrical 53.3μm absorption line profile could become a powerful tool to assist us to observationally discriminate the radiative pumping mechanism from other pumping mechanisms in the OH masers.This is the English version of my PhD thesis.

通过本论文的研究工作，我们可以得到这样的结论：在银河系内的OH 1612MHz脉泽中，辐射抽运机制与其它抽运机制并存，而还有一些未解决的问题需要等待更先进的空间红外光谱观测设备的使用并与天体类型证认工作相配合加以解决；不对称的53.3微米吸收线轮廓特征有可能成为帮助我们从观测上对OH脉泽的辐射抽运机制加以鉴别的有力工具。

The observational result shows that this Quadrantid meteor shower occurs between 0000 to 0800 local time in January 4, 2004, with meteor echoes peaking at 0400 local time. Moreover the meteor shower radiant derived from the meteor echoes plane, which is formed by the whole meteor echoes observed by the meteor radar during this shower, accords well with the theoretic radiant of this meteor shower.

从观测结果可以发现此次象限仪座流星雨发生在2004年1月4日的0000-0800LT，其中流星峰值出现在0400LT，而且通过流星雷达观测到的流星雨期间的流星回波平面推测得到的流星雨辐射点也与该流星雨的理论辐射点位置对应非常好。

Astrometry with new technologies created and is dedicated to the Space Telescope astrometric space orbit around the Earth observation and research on the scientific .1989 8 8, the European Space Agency launch astrometric Satellite Iba Valley satellite, which contains a 29 cm diameter reflecting telescope, four ground stations for data reception and analysis with the aim of space-based observations compiled by 120,000 to contain space for satellite measurement of star form, the location accuracy of ± 0002, parallax measurement accuracy ± 0002, on their own a year 0002, CDCDCD preliminary estimate of the above three data are now actual for the 0004,0003 and 0005; CDCDCD190 year in April the U.S. launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, containing 24 m diameter Wang C far mirror can work 15-20 years, 17-18 so you can measure the parallax of stars, are hundreds of thousands of stars of the measurement results.

伴随天体测量新技术而产生，是专门用于天体测量的空间望远镜在围绕地球的空间轨道上进行观测研究的科学。1989年8月8日，欧洲空间局发射天体测量卫星伊巴谷号卫星，它载有口径29厘米反射望远镜，4个地面观测站进行资料接收与分析，目的是要通过空间观测编出含星12万颗的空间测量星表，位置精度为±0002，测量视差的精度为±0002，自行为每年0002，CDCDCD现在初步估计上述三个数据实际为0004、0003和0005；CDCDCD190年4月美国发射哈勃空间望远镜，载有口径24米的望C远镜，可工作15—20年，可以测量出17—18等星的视差，得到几十万颗星的测量结果。

The approximate analysis solution shows that our theoretical results can explain better the statistic results obtained by Belcher and Davis 1971 and Whang 1973 who analysed observation data from Mariner 5 and Explorer 34 in the interplanetary space and the magnetosheath .

得到的近似解析解表明：由本模型所得到的结果能较好地解释人们对行星际，磁鞘层观测资料进行统计研究所得到的认识。

After analysis and study of characters of observational parameters of these extragalactic H2O megamaser sources, the correlations among them have been obtained as follows: lg S peak is anticorrelated with lg V sys and lg D , respectively.

通过对这些河外H2O超脉泽源的观测参数的特征的分析和研究，得到这些观测参数之间的相关关系为：河外H2O超脉泽源的峰值流量密度的对数分别与系统速度的对数和距离的对数之间存在着反相关关系。

The reason why secondary power model damage and high frequency relay disoperation usually has been explained, and the suggestions of protection and research are put forward. Systemic experimental study of waveform shape and frequency spectrum distribution of pulse electric field and pulse magnetic field is conducted with manufactured measuring systems. Waveform shape and frequency spectrum of pulse electric field and pulse magnetic field at different place including different impulse voltage and different gap are studied.

使用研制的测量系统对冲击电压放电产生的脉冲电场和脉冲磁场进行了系统的实验观测，得到了较为全面的不同电压、不同放电间隙和不同观测位置的脉冲电场和脉冲磁场的波形和频谱特征，研究了脉冲电场和脉冲磁场与冲击电压、间隙大小和高度的关系，研究了冲击电压放电产生的脉冲电场、脉冲磁场的分布特点等。

To resolve this problem, according to the robotic theory, the paper suggests to get the moonquake waves in the horizontal plane coordinate in which the reference direction is the north pole of the moon by coordinate rotation transforming from the moonquake wave measured in the oblique coordinate.

在无人登月探测中，为免使月震计的投放装置过于复杂，也为减小月震计系统的重量、体积和功耗，以及增加系统工作的稳定性和可靠性，不给月震计增加机械的水平和定向调节装置，本文根据机器人理论，通过旋转变换，论证了可以从倾斜、非定向安装的月震计观测到的月震波得到以月球北极为参考方向的水平坐标系的观测，并从实验上作了部分验证，从而为这一难题的解决找到一条可行的探索途径。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。