装配的

Because assembly constraint solving is required frequently in assembly design, to improve solving efficiency and stability considerately are of great importance to real time requirement in engineering.

由于装配设计中，设计变量、零件模型的修改之后都需要重新求解装配约束以便得到新的实体装配模型，因此提高装配约束的求解效率和求解稳定性对于满足工程设计中的实时性要求具有重要意义。

Firstly, we briefly introduce the assembly model, analyze and evaluate the typical assembly model. Secondly, we propose a new-layered assembly model which is based on discrete face. At last, we briefly discuss how to use the DENEB system to abstract the information from the CAD model and how to add constrain information to the DENEB model.

首先，对装配模型进行了简要介绍，并对当前典型的装配模型及其特点进行了介绍和分析；其次，结合本文提出的装配规划算法提出了基于离散面片的层次化装配模型；最后，简要介绍了如何通过DENEB系统对CAD模型中的信息进行抽取以及如何添加约束信息。

Introduction is made to the assembling process of the ferrule orientation and the effect on the bearings in set.

分析了套圈定位装配工艺及对成套轴承的影响，并针对原装配工艺存在的问题，提出了新的装配工艺，使套圈定位装配工艺的质量和效率都得到提高。

In this paper, the action and time sequence of the multiple peg in hole are analyzed with an assembly machine.

多轴孔装配是一类实际和复杂的装配任务，本文根据设计的装配机分析了整个任务的装配动作及时序，并给出了任务控制布局图。

The main jobs of this paper are as followed: 1 The reuse of the frame design technology for aircraft assembly fixtures is researched. a frame line part library is built with the templet driven technology, the reuse of the frame line part come true by the tools for instantiation and instance modification. The design resources are effectively used, some repeating work is cut. 2 Two methods to obtain the assembly feature are proposed: the straight way by the Enumeration method and the indirect way by project features to the assembly plane. All of the assembly features of the frame and the adjustable bearings are obtained by these two methods which makes the frame automatic assembly technology for aircraft assembly fixtures come true. 3 The frame automatic assembly technology aircraft assembly fixtures based on assembly features is researched. A binary tree assembly model is used to express the assembly information of the frame for aircraft assembly fixtures, the automatic assembly between the frame, the aircraft and the adjustable bearing is completed within the three steps: distribute, obtain and evaluate assembly feature. Finally, the efficiency of the frame assembly design is proved. 4The frame interpart modeling technology for aircraft assembly fixtures is researched, the intersection methods are concluded and the arithmetic of the single-cut, double-cut and inter-cut intersection is proposed, the interpart fast modeling of the frame design for aircraft assembly fixture come true. 5Based on the researches mentioned before, a sub-system of frame fast design for aircraft assembly fixture is developed on CATIA. The sub-system is used to design the aircraft assembly fixtures in a large aeronautics corporation and make a good- effect.

论文的主要工作如下： 1研究了飞机装配型架骨架设计重用技术，在总结归纳骨架线框结构类型的基础上，应用模板驱动的方法建立了骨架线框库，通过骨架线框零件的实例化和离线编辑实现骨架线框的重用，有效利用设计资源，减少重复劳动； 2提出穷举几何对象的装配特征直接获取方法，遍历零件模型的几何对象，从中捕捉所需装配特征，该方法简捷、高效；提出向装配面投影的装配特征间接获取方法，该方法在现有特征基础上生成装配特征，解决了部分装配特征难以直接获取的问题； 3研究了基于装配特征的飞机装配型架骨架自动装配技术，采用一种二叉树装配模型表达骨架的装配关系，并通过装配特征的分配、获取和赋值三个步骤，实现了骨架分别与飞机产品和可调支承的自动装配，避免了繁琐的人工交互操作，提高了骨架设计的效率和规范化程度； 4研究了飞机装配型架骨架零件间建模技术，在总结归纳骨架元件相贯处理方式的基础上，提出了骨架元件单剪切相贯、双剪切相贯和互剪切相贯的实现算法，简化了骨架相贯处理的过程； 5基于以上研究，在CATIA平台上开发了飞机装配型架骨架快速设计子系统，并应用于某大型航空企业的装配型架设计，提高了设计效率和设计质量。

In order to support the assembly planning activities involving geographically dispersed designers, a Web-enabled supporting environment is proposed. The functional modules including client user interface, communication management, application services and information management are addressed in detail. By incorporating visual models at client side with assembly application models at server side, a prototypal system has been developed using VRML and Java-EAI techniques.

为支持分布式的装配规划活动，提出了协同装配规划网络环境的体系结构，研究了用户界面、通讯管理、应用服务和信息管理等功能模块，并结合虚拟现实建模语言表达的客户端产品显示模型和服务器端装配应用模型，采用Java-EAI等技术，开发了基於Web的协同装配规划原型系统。

They are①ANN based nonlinear coding method to reduce coding delay②the conversion method of CBR streams to VBR streams to make the packeting delay negligible③human perception based main and subordinate packet method to reduce the influence of packeting delay④cell selective discarding and datagram selective shorten method to reduce queuing delay by alleviating the load of links⑤multitask cell or datagram multiplexing method to reduce packeting delay.

作者研究的重点，在于提出了若干降低编码、信息分组装配和分组排队时延的新方法，它们是：降低编码时延的ANN非线性编码法、大幅度降低分组装配时延的CBR码流VBR转换法、基于人耳听觉特性的主次信息分组装配降低时延法、新的降低排队时延和网络拥塞状态的信元选择性删除和数据报选择性截短适配法，以及降低分组装配时延的多任务复合装配法。

A washer has a body having an axis and provided with a first bearing face surface located at one axial side and adapted to cooperate with a nut, a second bearing face surface located at an opposite axial side and adapted to cooperate with an object, at least one third turning resistant surface adapted to cooperate with a thread of the bolt, the body having at least one resistive point arranged so that when the nut is turned and turns the bolt the body of the washer stops the bolt from turning and thereby the nut creates a pull on the bolt which elongates the bolt in an axial direction and applies to the body of the washer an axial force which overcomes the at least one resistive point so that a portion of the body of the washer is allowed to be pulled axially when the bolt elongates.

一种放在螺帽与物体之间的垫圈，螺帽与螺栓螺纹连接，螺栓插入在包括两个装配的部件的物体内，垫圈具有主体，和设有第一支承面表面，位于一个轴向侧面和与螺帽配合，第二支承面表面，位于相对的轴向侧面和与物体配合，以及至少一个第三转动阻力表面，与螺栓的螺纹配合，从而使螺帽以给定的扭矩在一个方向转动同时垫圈的主体沿相对方向接收给定的力时，仅有螺帽转动，以紧固或松开螺栓，而垫圈的主体和螺栓保持静止。

According to tire valve assembling craftwork, give the math model based on Petri Net and stimulate it, and get the best scheme. All these work afford a precondition and macroscopical guidance for study and making out a good function tire valve assembling equipment.3Have a deep research on the whole structure of the assembly equipment. Great innovation is presented in the design process of 9 suits of transmission machine and 5 sets assembly tongs, so that the structure is compact and the tongs have good fuctions. Especially, the design of tongs for extrusion is perfect as the author think.4 Hardware about control is selected carefully and software is programmed seriously.

故此，按照现有的气门芯装配工艺，运用Petri网对气门芯装配进行了数学建模，并对之进行了装配仿真，得出理想状态下的最优方案，为研制高效的气门芯装配系统提供了必要的前提条件和宏观指导； 3对装配系统的整体结构作了深入研究与规划；对9套送料机构和5套装配夹具进行了大胆的创新设计，使得整套系统结构紧凑，装配夹具性能优良，尤其是镦顶夹具的设计，为作者得意之作； 4控制系统硬件进行了精心选型，软件进行了认真编写。

In the auto-body assembly process, the sound joint configuration would reduce and/or eliminate assembly variation propagation between parts, because rational allocation and design of joint configuration enable to adjust assembly process locators to achieve slip joint absorb or compensate the variation accumulation to improve the assembly robustness, therefore, the paper study joint type design and configuration and describe a multi-station auto-body assembly propagation model.

在车身装配过程中，良好的接头设计可以减小甚至消除零部件间的装配公差的传播，而且合理的接头配置方案有助于装配偏差的减小与装配过程的稳定性，因此论文详细分析了接头类型设计与接头配置，并介绍了多站点车身装配偏差传播模型。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。